Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
The Sociological Perspective
Seeing the Broader Social Context
The Growing Global Context
Sociology and the Other Sciences
The Natural Sciences
The Social Sciences
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: An Updated Version of the Old Elephant Story
The Goals of Science
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Enjoying A Sociology Quiz——Sociological Findings Versus Common Sense
Origins of Sociology
Tradition Versus Science
Auguste Comte and Positivism
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx and Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim and Social Integration
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
Values in Sociological Research
Verstehen and Social Facts
Weber and Verstehen
Durkheim and Social Facts
How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together
Sexism in Early Sociology
Attitudes of the Time
Harriet Martineau and Early Social Research
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Listening to an Early Feminist
Sociology in North America
Early History: The Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis
Jane Addams and Social Reform
W.E.B. Du Bois and Race Relations
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Early Sociology in North America: Du Bois and Race Relations
Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory Versus Reform
The Continuing Tension and the Rise of Applied Sociology
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Careers in Sociology: What Applied Sociologists Do
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Capturing Saddam Hussein: A Surprising Example of Applied Sociology
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Symbolic Interactionism
Functional Analysis
Conflict Theory
Levels of Analysis: Macro and Micro
Putting the Theoretical Perspectives Together
Trends Shaping the Future of Sociology
Sociology Full Circle: Reform Versus Research
*Cultural Diversity in the United States:Studying Job Discrimination: Another Surprising Example of Applied Sociology
Globalization
Summary and Review
Chapter 2 Culture
What Is Culture?
Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life
Practicing Cultural Relativism
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: You Are What You Eat?: An Exploration in Cultural Relativity
Components of Symbolic Culture
Gestures
Language
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Emoticons: “Written Gestures” for Expressing Yourself Online
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Miami–Language in a Changing City
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Race and Language: Searching for Self-Labels
Values, Norms, and Sanctions
Folkways and Mores
Many Cultural Worlds
Subcultures
Countercultures
Values in U.S. Society
An Overview of U.S. Values
*Down-to-Earth Sociology:Why Do Native Americans Like Westerns?
Value Clusters
Value Contradictions and Social Change
Emerging Values
Culture Wars: When Values Clash
Values as Blinders
“Ideal” Versus “Real” Culture
Cultural Universals
Technology in the Global Village
The New Technology
Cultural Lag and Cultural Change
Technology and Cultural Leveling
Summary and Review
Chapter 3 Socialization
What Is Human Nature?
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Heredity or Environment? The Case of Oskar and Jack, Identical Twins
Feral Children
Isolated Children
Institutionalized Children
Deprived Animals
Socialization into the Self and Mind
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
Mead and Role Taking
Piaget and the Development of Reasoning
Global Aspects of the Self and Reasoning
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Do You See What I See?: Eastern and Western Ways of Perceiving and Thinking
Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions
Freud and the Development of Personality
Kohlberg, Gilligan, and the Development of Morality
Socialization into Emotions
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Signs of the Times: Are We Becoming Ik?
Society Within Us: The Self and Emotions as Social Control
Socialization into Gender
Gender Messages in the Family
Gender Messages from Peers
Gender Messages in the Mass Media
*Mass Media in Social Life: From Xena, Warrior Princess, to Lara Croft, Tomb Raider:
Changing Images of Women in the Mass Media
Agents of Socialization
The Family
The Neighborhood
Religion
Day Care
The School
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Caught Between Two Worlds
Peer Groups
Sports and Competitive Success
The Workplace
Resocialization
Total Institutions
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Boot Camp as a Total Institution
Socialization Through the Life Course
Childhood
Adolescence
Young Adulthood
The Middle Years
The Older Years
The Sociological Significance of the Life Course
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?
Summary and Review
Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction
Levels of Sociological Analysis
Macrosociology and Microsociology
The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure
The Sociological Significance of Social Structure
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: College Football as Social Structure
Culture
Social Class
Social Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institutions
The Sociological Significance of Social Institutions
An Example: The Mass Media as an Emerging Social Institution
Comparing Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives
Changes in Social Structure
What Holds Society Together?
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Amish: Gemeinschaft Community
in a Gesellschaft Society
The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Symbolic Interaction
*Down-to-Earth Sociology:Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep, But Its Effects Go On Forever: Stereotypes in Everyday Life
*Mass Media in Social Life: You Can’t Be Thin Enough: Body Images and the Mass Media
Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions
The Social Construction of Reality
The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology
Summary and Review
Chapter 5 How Sociologists Do Research
What Is a Valid Sociological Topic?
Common Sense and the Need for Sociological Research
A Research Model
1. Selecting a Topic
2. Defining the Problem
3. Reviewing the Literature
4. Formulating a Hypothesis
5. Choosing a Research Method
6. Collecting the Data
7. Analyzing the Results
8. Sharing the Results
Research Methods
Surveys
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Loading the Dice: How Not to Do Research
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)
Secondary Analysis
Documents
Experiments
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Hawthorne Experiments
Unobtrusive Measures
Deciding Which Method to Use
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Applied Sociology: Marketing Research as a Blend of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
Gender in Sociological Research
Ethics in Sociological Research
Protecting the Subjects: The Brajuha Research
Misleading the Subjects: The Humphreys Research
How Research and Theory Work Together
The Real World: When the Ideal Meets the Real
Summary and Review
Chapter 6 Societies to Social Networks
Societies and Their Transformation
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Pastoral and Horticultural Societies
Agricultural Societies
Industrial Societies
Postindustrial (Information) Societies
Bioeconomic Societies: Is a New Type of Society Emerging?
*Sociology and the New Technology:“So, You Want to Be Yourself?”
Cloning in the Coming Bioeconomy
Groups Within Society
Primary Groups
Secondary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Social Networks
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Facebooking: The Lazy (But Efficient) Way to Meet Friends
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: How Our Own Social Networks
Perpetuate Social Inequality
A New Group: Electronic Communities
Group Dynamics
Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy
Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior
Leadership
The Power of Peer Pressure:
The Asch Experiment
The Power of Authority:
The Milgram Experiment
Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink
Summary and Review
Chapter 7 Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations
The Rationalization of Society
Why Did Society Change?
Marx: Capitalism Broke Tradition
Weber: Religion Broke Tradition
Formal Organizations and Bureaucracy
Formal Organizations
The Characteristics of Bureaucracies
“Ideal” Versus “Real” Bureaucracy
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The McDonaldization of Society
Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies
Goal Displacement and the Perpetuation of Bureaucracies
The Sociological Significance of Bureaucracies
Voluntary Associations
Functions of Voluntary Associations
Shared Interests
The Problem of Oligarchy
Working for the Corporation
Stereotypes and the “Hidden” Corporate Culture
Humanizing the Corporate Culture
Attempts to Humanize the Work Setting
The Conflict Perspective
Technology and the Control of Workers
*Sociology and the New Technology: Cyberloafers and Cybersleuths: Surfing at Work
U.S. and Japanese Corporations
How the Corporations Differ
The Myth Versus Reality
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Japanese and U.S. Corporations in an Age of Greed
Summary and Review
Chapter 8 Deviance and Social Control
What Is Deviance?
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Human Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
How Norms Make Social Life Possible
Sanctions
Shaming and Degradation Ceremonies
Competing Explanations of Deviance: Sociology, Sociobiology, and Psychology
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Differential Association Theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
*Mass Media in Social Life: Pornography on the Internet: Freedom Versus Censorship
The Functionalist Perspective
Can Deviance Really Be Functional for Society?
Strain Theory: How Social Values Produce Deviance
Illegitimate Opportunity Structures: Social Class and Crime
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Islands in the Street: Urban Gangs in the United States
The Conflict Perspective
Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System
Power and Inequality
The Law as an Instrument of Oppression
Reactions to Deviance
Street Crime and Prisons
The Decline in Crime
Recidivism
The Death Penalty and Bias
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Killer Next Door: Serial Murderers in Our Midst
Legal Change
The Trouble with Official Statistics
The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness
The Need for a More Humane Approach
Summary and Review
Chapter 9 Global Stratification
Systems of Social Stratification
Slavery
*Mass Media in Social Life: What Price Freedom? Slavery Today
Caste
Estate
Class
Global Stratification and the Status of Females
What Determines Social Class?
Karl Marx: The Means of Production
Max Weber: Property, Prestige, and Power
Why Is Social Stratification Universal?
The Functionalist View: Motivating Qualified People
The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce Resources
Lenski’s Synthesis
How Do Elites Maintain Stratification?
Ideology Versus Force
Comparative Social Stratification
Social Stratification in Great Britain
Social Stratification in the Former Soviet Union
Global Stratification: Three Worlds
The Most Industrialized Nations
The Industrializing Nations
The Least Industrialized Nations
Modifying the Model
How Did the World’s Nations Become Stratified?
Colonialism
World System Theory
Culture of Poverty
Evaluating the Theories
Maintaining Global Stratification
Neocolonialism
Multinational Corporations
Technology and Global Domination
A Concluding Note
Summary and Review
Chapter 10 Social Class in the United States
What Is Social Class?
Wealth
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Super-Rich Live
Power
Prestige
Status Inconsistency
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Big Win: Life After the Lottery
Sociological Models of Social Class
Updating Marx
Updating Weber
Social Class in the Automobile Industry
Consequences of Social Class
Physical Health
Mental Health
Family Life
Education
Religion
Politics
Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Social Class and the Changing Economy
Social Mobility
Three Types of Social Mobility
Women in Studies of Social Mobility
Interpreting Statistics
on Social Mobility
The Pain of Social Mobility
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Social Class and the Upward Social Mobility of African Americans Poverty
Drawing the Poverty Line
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Exploring Myths About the Poor
Who Are the Poor?
Children of Poverty
The Dynamics of Poverty
Why Are People Poor?
Welfare Reform
Deferred Gratification
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Poverty: A Personal Journey
Where Is Horatio Alger? The Social Functions of a Myth
Summary and Review
Chapter 11 Sex and Gender
Issues of Sex and Gender
Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture?
The Dominant Position in Sociology
Opening the Door to Biology
* Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Gender Gap in Math and Science: A National Debate
Gender Inequality in Global Perspective
How Females Became a Minority Group
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: “Pssst. You Wanna Buy a Bride?”
China in Transition
The Origins of Patriarchy
Sex Typing of Work
Gender and the Prestige of Work
Other Areas of Global Discrimination
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Female Circumcision
Gender Inequality in the United States
Fighting Back: The Rise of Feminism
Gender Inequality in Health Care
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Cold-Hearted Surgeons and Their Women Victims
Gender Inequality in Education
Gender Inequality in Everyday Life
Gender Inequality in the Workplace
The Pay Gap
The Cracking Glass Ceiling
Gender and the Control of Workers
Sexual Harassment——and Worse
Gender and Violence
Violence Against Women
Feminism and Gendered Violence
Solutions
The Changing Face of Politics
Glimpsing the Future–With Hope
Summary and Review
Chapter 12 Race and Ethnicity
Laying the Sociological Foundation
Race: Myth and Reality
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Tiger Woods and the Emerging Multiracial Identity: Mapping New Ethnic Terrain
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Can a Plane Ride Change Your Race?
Ethnic Groups
Minority Groups and Dominant Groups
How People Construct Their Racial-Ethnic Identity
PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
Learning Prejudice
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Racist Mind
Individual and Institutional Discrimination
Theories of Prejudice
Psychological Perspectives
Sociological Perspectives
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Genocide
Population Transfer
Internal Colonialism
Segregation
*Cultural Diversity in the United States and Around the World: “You Can Work for Us, But You Can’t Live Near Us”
Assimilation
Multiculturalism (Pluralism)
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States
European Americans
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack:
Exploring Cultural Privilege
Latinos (Hispanics)
African Americans
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Stealth Racism in the Rental Market:
What You Reveal by Your Voice
Asian Americans
Native Americans
Looking Toward the Future
The Immigration Debate
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: Glimpsing the Future: The Shifting
U.S. Racial-Ethnic Mix
Affirmative Action
Toward a True Multicultural Society
Summary and Review
Chapter 13 The Elderly
Aging in Global Perspective
The Social Construction of Aging
Industrialization and the Graying of the Globe
The Graying of America
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Deciding When You Are Old
What Does Old Age Mean?
Changing Perceptions of the Elderly
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: China: Changing Sentiment About the Elderly
The Influence of the Mass Media
*Mass Media in Social Life: Shaping Our Perceptions of the Elderly
The Functionalist Perspective
Disengagement Theory
Activity Theory
Continuity Theory
The Conflict Perspective
Social Security Legislation
Intergenerational Conflict
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Changing Sentiment About the U.S. Elderly
Fighting Back
Problems of Dependency
Gender and Old Age
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Feisty to the End: Gender Roles Among the Elderly
Nursing Homes
Elder Abuse
The Elderly Poor
The Sociology of Death and Dying
Industrialization and the New Technology
Death as a Process
Hospices
Suicide and Age
Adjusting to Death
Looking Toward the Future
Summary and Review
Chapter 14 The Economy
The Transformation of Economic Systems
Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality
Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine
Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age
*Sociology and the New Technology: “Your Name Is What? You Live Where? But You
Sound Like You’re Right Next Door.”
Biotech Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics
Implications for Your Life
The Transformation of the Medium of Exchange
Earliest Mediums of Exchange
Medium of Exchange in Agricultural Societies
Medium of Exchange in Industrial Societies
Medium of Exchange in Postindustrial Societies
World Economic Systems
Capitalism
Socialism
Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism
*Mass Media in Social Life: Greed Is Good–Selling the American Dream
Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism
The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: No Cash? No Problem! Barter
in the Former Soviet Union
The Functionalist Perspective on the Globalization of Capitalism
The New Global Division of Labor
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Doing Business in the Global Village
Ownership and Management of Corporations
Functions and Disfunctions on a Global Scale
The Conflict Perspective on the Globalization
of Capitalism
The Inner Circle of Corporate Capitalism
Interlocking Directorates
Global Investing
Work in U.S. Society
The Decline of Agriculture and the Transition to Postindustrial Society
Women and Work
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Women in Business: Maneuvering the Male Culture
The Underground Economy
Stagnant Paychecks
Patterns of Work and Leisure
Facing the Future: Implications of Global Capitalism
Global Trade: Inequalities and Conflict
New Technologies and Downsizing: Utopia or Nightmare?
Summary and Review
Chapter 15 Politics
Micropolitics and Macropolitics
Power, Authority, and Violence
Authority and Legitimate Violence
Traditional Authority
Rational-Legal Authority
Charismatic Authority
Authority as Ideal Type
The Transfer of Authority
Types of Government
Monarchies: The Rise of the State
Democracies: Citizenship as a Revolutionary Idea
*Mass Media in Social Life: Politics and Democracy in a Technological Society
Dictatorships and Oligarchies: The Seizure of Power
The U.S. Political System
Political Parties and Elections
Contrast with Democratic Systems in Europe
Voting Patterns
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Politics of Immigrants: Power, Ethnicity, and Social Class
Lobbyists and Special-Interest Groups
PACs in U.S. Elections
Who Rules the United States?
The Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism
The Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite, or Ruling Class
Which View Is Right?
War and Terrorism: Ways to Implement Political Objectives
Is War Universal?
How Common Is War?
Why Nations Go to War
Costs of War
Sowing the Seeds of Future Wars
Terrorism
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Is Big Brother Knocking on the Door? Civil Liberties and Homeland Security
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Weapons of Mass Destruction
War and Dehumanization
* Down-to-Earth Sociology: Prisoner Abuse at Abu Ghraib: A Normal Event
A New World Order?
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: Roadblocks in the Path to the New World Order: The Globalization of Capitalism Versus the Resurgence of Nationalism
Summary and Review
Chapter 16 Marriage and Family
Marriage and Family in Global Perspective
What Is a Family?
Common Cultural Themes
* Cultural Diversity Around the World: Watching Out for Kids: Gender Equality and Family Life in Sweden
Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective: Functions and Dysfunctions
The Conflict Perspective: Gender and Power
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Gender and the Meanings of Marriage
The Family Life Cycle
Love and Courtship in Global Perspective
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: East Is East and West Is West: Love
and Arranged Marriage in India
Marriage
Childbirth and Childrearing
Family Transitions in Later Life Diversity in U.S. Families
African American Families
Latino Families
Asian American Families
Native American Families
One-Parent Families
Families Without Children
*Sociology and the New Technology: The Brave New World of High-Tech Reproduction: Where Technology Outpaces Law and Sometimes Common Sense
Blended Families
Gay and Lesbian Families
Trends in U.S. Families
Postponing Marriage and Childbirth
Cohabitation
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: “You Want Us to Live Together? What Do You Mean By That?”
Unmarried Mothers
Grandparents as Parents
The “Sandwich Generation” and Elder Care
Divorce and Remarriage
Problems in Measuring Divorce
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: “What Are Your Chances of Getting Divorced?”
Children of Divorce
Grandchildren of Divorce
The Absent Father and Serial Fatherhood
The Ex-Spouses
Remarriage
Two Sides of Family Life
The Dark Side of Family Life: Battering, Child Abuse, Marital Rape, and Incest
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: “Why Doesn’t She Just Leave?” The Dilemma of Abused Women
The Bright Side of Family Life: Successful Marriages
The Future of Marriage and Family
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work
Summary and Review
Chapter 17 Education
The Development of Modern Education
Education in Earlier Societies
Industrialization and Universal Education
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Community Colleges: Challenges Old and New
Education in Global Perspective
Education in the Most Industrialized Nations: Japan
Education in the Industrializing Nations: Russia
Education in the Least Industrialized Nations: Egypt
The Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits
Teaching Knowledge and Skills
Cultural Transmission of Values
Social Integration
Gatekeeping
Replacing Family Functions
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Home Schooling: The Search for Quality and Values
Other Functions
The Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating social inequality
The Hidden Curriculum
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Kindergarten as Boot Camp
Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ
Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding
The Correspondence Principle
The Bottom Line: Family Background and the Educational System
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations
The Rist Research
The Rosenthal-Jacobson Experiment
How Do Teacher Expectations Work?
*Sociology and the New Technology: Internet University: No Walls, No Ivy, No All Night Parties
*Sociology and the New Technology: Capitalism and Distance Learning:
Selling Education in Cyberspace
Problems in U.S. Education–and Their Solutions
Problems: Mediocrity and Violence
*Mass Media in Social Life: School Shootings: Exploring a Myth
Solutions: Safety, Standards, and Other Reforms
Summary and Review
Chapter 18 Religion
What Is Religion?
The Functionalist Perspective
Functions of Religion
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Religion and Health: What We Know and Don’t Know
Functional Equivalents of Religion
Dysfunctions of Religion
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Terrorism and the Mind of God
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Religious Symbols
Rituals
Beliefs
Religious Experience
Community
The Conflict Perspective
Opium of the People
A Legitimation of Social Inequalities
Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism
The World’s Major Religions
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: The New Neighbor: Islam in the United States
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Types of Religious Groups
Cult
Sect
Church
Ecclesia
Variations in Patterns
When Religion and Culture Conflict
Religion in the United States
Characteristics of Members
Characteristics of Religious Groups
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Bikers and Bibles
Secularization of Religion and Culture
The Future of Religion
*Mass Media in Social Life: God on the Net: The Online Marketing of Religion
Summary and Review
Chapter 19 Medicine and Health
Sociology and the Study of Medicine and Health
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
The Role of Culture in Defining Health and Illness
*Cultural Diversity in the United States: “You Don’t Know What Empacho Is?
What Kind of a Doctor Are You?”
The Components of Health
The Functionalist Perspective
The Sick Role
The Conflict Perspective
Effects of Global Stratification on Health Care
* Down-to-Earth Sociology: “Where Did You Get That New Liver?” The International Black Market in Human Body Parts
Establishing a Monopoly on U.S. Health Care
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: To Establish a Monopoly, Eliminate Your Competition:
How Physicians Defeated Midwives
Historical Patterns of Health
Physical Health
Mental Health
Issues in Health Care
Medical Care: A Right or a Commodity?
Social Inequality
Malpractice Suits and Defensive Medicine
Medical Incompetence
Depersonalization: The Medical Cash Machine
Conflict of Interest
Medical Fraud
Sexism and Racism in Medicine
The Medicalization of Society
Medically Assisted Suicide
Curbing Costs: Issues in Health Insurance
*Sociology and the New Technology: Who Should Live, and Who Should Die?
The Dilemma of Rationing Medical Care
Threats to Health
HIV/AIDS
Obesity and Skinniness
Drugs: Alcohol and Nicotine
Disabling Environments
Misguided, Foolish, and Callous Experiments
The Globalization of Disease
The Search for Alternatives
Treatment or Prevention?
Alternative Medicine
HEALTH CARE IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
* Cultural Diversity Around the World: Health Care in Sweden, Russia, and China
Summary and Review
Chapter 20 Population and Urbanization
Population in Global Perspective
A Planet with No Space for Enjoying Life?
The New Malthusians
The Anti-Malthusians
Who Is Correct?
Why Are People Starving?
Population Growth
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Tsunami Can Help Us to Understand Population Growth Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children
Implications of Different Rates of Growth
The Three Demographic Variables
Problems in Forecasting Population Growth
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Killing Little Girls: An Ancient
and Thriving Practice
Urbanization
The Development of Cities
The Process of Urbanization
U.S. Urban Patterns
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Reclaiming Harlem: “It Feeds My Soul”
The Rural Rebound
Models of Urban Growth
The Concentric Zone Model
The Sector Model
The Multiple-Nuclei Model
The Peripheral Model
Critique of the Models
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Why City Slums Are Better Than the Country: Urbanization in the Least Industrialized Nations
City Life
Alienation and Community
Who Lives in the City?
Urban Sentiment: Finding a Familiar World
The Norm of Noninvolvement and the Diffusion of Responsibility
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Urban Fear and the Gated Fortress
Urban Problems and Social Policy
Suburbanization
Disinvestment and Deindustrialization
The Potential of Urban Revitalization
Summary and Review
Chapter 21 Collective Behavior and Social Movements
Collective Behavior
Early Explanations: The Transformation of the Individual
How the Crowd Transforms the Individual
The Acting Crowd
The Contemporary View: The Rationality of the Crowd
The Minimax Strategy
Emergent Norms
Forms of Collective Behavior
Riots
Rumors
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Rumors and Riots: An Eyewitness Account to the Tulsa Riot
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Danger Lurks Everywhere: The Internet and the Uncertainty of Life
Panics and Mass Hysteria
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Mass Hysteria
Moral Panics
Fads and Fashions
Urban Legends
Social Movements
Types and Tactics of Social Movements
Types of Social Movements
Tactics of Social Movements
Propaganda and the Mass Media
Down-to-Earth Sociology: “Tricks of the Trade”–Deception and Persuasion in Propaganda
Why People Join Social Movements
Mass Society Theory
Deprivation Theory
Moral Issues and Ideological Commitment
A Special Case: The Agent Provocateur
On the Success and Failure of Social Movements
The Stages of Social Movements
The Rocky Road to Success
Summary and Review
Chapter 22 Social Change and the Environment
How Social Change Transforms Social Life
The Four Social Revolutions
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
Capitalism, Modernization, and Industrialization
Social Movements
Conflict, Power, and Global Politics
Theories and Processes of Social Change
Cultural Evolution
Natural Cycles
Conflict Over Power
Ogburn’s Theory
Sociology and the New Technology: From the Luddites to the Unabomber: Opposition to Technology
How Technology Changes Society
The Extent of the Transformation
When Old Technology Was New: The Impact of the Automobile
The Cutting Edge of Change
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Coming Star Wars Cyberspace and Social Inequality
The Growth Machine Versus the Earth
Environmental Problems in the Most Industrialized Nations
*Down-to-Earth Sociology: Corporations and Big Welfare Bucks: How to Get Paid to Pollute
Environmental Problems in the Industrializing and Least Industrialized Nations
*Cultural Diversity Around the World: The Rainforests: Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge
The Environmental Movement
Environmental Sociology
Summary and Review
Epilogue
Glossary
Suggested Readings
References
Name Index
Subject Index
