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1 A Writer Reads Previewing Skimming J. H. Plumb The Dying Family Highlighting, Underlining, Annotating Summarizing Critical Thinking: Analyzing the Text Tone and Persona 000 ** Daniel Gilbert Does Fatherhood Make You Happy? ** ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING AND EVALUATING AN ESSAY 2 A Reader Writes C. S. Lewis We Have No “Right to Happiness” Responding to an Essay The Writing Process Keeping a journal Questioning the Text Again Summaries, Jottings, Outlines, and Lists ** ACHECKLIST: GETTING STARTED Getting Ready to Write a Draft Draft of an Essay: On “We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’” Revising and Editing a Draft A Revised Draft: Persuasive Strategies in C. S. Lewis’s “We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’” Rethinking the Thesis: Preliminary Notes The Final Version: Style and Argument: An Examination of C. S. Lewis’s “We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’” A Brief Overview of the Final Version ** ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING YOUR ANALYSIS 3 Academic Writing Kinds of Prose A Note on Writing a Summary More about Critical Thinking: Analysis and Evaluation ** ACHECKLIST: CRITICAL THINKING Joining the Conversation: Writing about Differing Views Writing about Essays Less Directly Related: A Student’s Notes and Journal Entries The Student’s Final Version: Two Ways of Thinking about Today’s Families Interviewing Guidelines for Conducting the Interview and Writing the Essay Topics for Writing Using Quotations Avoiding Plagiarism Acknowledging Sources Fair Use of Common Knowledge “But How Else Can I Put It?” ACHECKLIST: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM ACHECKLIST: THIRTEEN QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF ABOUT EDITING A Student’s Documented Essay *Jason Green Did Dorothea Lange Pose Her Subject for Migrant Mother? 4 Writing an Argument The Aims of an Argumentative Essay Negotiating Agreements: The Approach of Carl R. Rogers ACHECKLIST: ROGERIAN ARGUMENT ** SomeWays of Arguing: Appeals to Reason and Appeals to Emotions ** Appeals to Reason: Deduction and Induction ** Appeals to Emotions Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics Examples Testimony Statistics How Much Evidence Is Enough? Avoiding Fallacies Drafting an Argument Imagining an Audience Getting Started Writing a Draft Revising a Draft Organizing an Argument Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs Introductory Paragraphs Concluding Paragraphs ACHECKLIST: REVISING PARAGRAPHS Persona and Style An Overview: An Examination of an Argument Richard Rhodes Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence The Analysis Analyzed Two Debates (Four Arguments) for Analysis ** A Debate: Should Laptops Be Banned from the Classroom? ** Andrew Goldstein (student) Keep Online Poker out of the Classroom: Why Professors Should Ban Laptops ** Elena Choy Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem A Second Debate: Do Credit Companies Market Too ** Travis B. Plunkett Yes, Credit Companies Market Too Aggressively to Youths ** Louis J. Freeh No, Credit Companies Do Not Market Too Aggressively to Youths ACHECKLIST: REVISING DRAFTS OF ARGUMENTS 5 Reading and Writing about Pictures The Language of Pictures Writing about Art 0 Writing About an Advertisement ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS Writing About a Political Cartoon ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOONS Lou Jacobs Jr. What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have? A little honest controversy about the visual success of a print or slide can be a healthy thing. Sample Analyses of Pictures A Sample Essay by a Student Zoe Morales Dancing at Durango A Sample Essay by an Art Historian **Thomas Hoving So, Does It Speak to You? 6 All in the Family ILLUSTRATIONS Joanne Leonard Sonia Pablo Picasso The Acrobat’s Family with a Monkey SHORT VIEWS Anonymous (William James?), Marcel Proust, Leo Tolstoy, Jessie Bernard, Jane Austen Lewis Coser The Family A sociologist defines the family and, in fewer than five hundred words, gives an idea of its variety. Joan Didion On Going Home Is going home–is leaving home–possible? ** Sam Schulman Letting Go “Yes, parents impart values. But values come from other useful sources, too. Hovering parents undermine the influence not only of other institutions like schools and churches but of peers.” ** Stephanie Coontz The Heterosexual Revolution Traditional marriage started unraveling 200 years ago. Gabrielle Glaser Scenes from an Intermarriage The author of a book on interfaith marriage believes that although the future always looks bright, down the road someone usually loses. Anonymous Confessions of an Erstwhile Child Should children have the legal right to escape impossible families? A victim argues that a closely bound family structure compounds craziness. Arlie Hochschild The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Putting in Another Day of Work at Home There’s a “leisure gap” between men and women at home. Andrew Sullivan Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case for Gay Marriage “But gay marriage is not a radical step. It avoids the mess of domestic partnership; it is humane; it is conservative in the best sense of the word.” ** William J. Bennett Gay Marriage: Not a Very Good Idea A conservative public servant–Bennett served under the first President Bush–concludes that “it is exceedingly imprudent to conduct a radical, untested and inherently flawed social experiment on an institution that is the keystone in the arch of civilization.” Judy Brady I Want Wife A wife looks at the services she performs and decides that she’d like a wife. Black Elk High Horse’s Courting An Oglala Sioux holy man tells us what a hard time, in the old days, a young man had getting the girl he wanted. Celia E. Rothenberg Child of Divorce An undergraduate reflects on the impact of divorce on her, her brother, and her parents Jamaica Kincaid Girl (story) “Try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming.” Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays (poem) “No one ever thanked him.” 7 Identities ILLUSTRATIONS Dorothea Lange Grandfather and Grandchildren Awaiting Evacuation Bus, Hayward, California Marion Post Wolcott Behind the Bar, Birney, Montana SHORT VIEWS Margaret Mead, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de Beauvoir, Israel Zangwill, Vladimir I. Lenin, Joyce Carol Oates, Martin Luther King Jr., Shirley Chisolm Rogelio R. Gomez Foul Shots A Mexican-American remembers the shame he felt in the presence of Anglos. ** Marianne J. Legato The Weaker Sex When it comes to health, men are delicate creatures. ** Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me “At certain times I have no race, I am me.” Stephen Jay Gould Women’s Brains On the “‘irrelevant and highly injurious” biological labeling of women and other disadvantaged groups. Katha Pollitt Why Boys Don’t Play with Dolls Social conditioning, not biology, is the answer, this author says. Paul Theroux The Male Myth “It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women.” Emily Tsao Thoughts of an Oriental Girl A sophomore questions the value of describing Asian Americans and other minorities as “people of color.” Gloria Naylor A Question of Language What does the word “nigger” mean? Richard Rodriguez (with Scott London) A View from the Melting Pot “In the LA of the future, no one will need say, ‘Let’s celebrate diversity.’ Diversity is going to be a fundamental poart of our lives.” Amy Tan Snapshot: Lost Lives of Women The writer examines “a picture of secrets and tragedies” A Casebook on Races Columbia Encyclopedia Race An encyclopedia defines race and distinguishes it from racism. ** Armand Marie Leroi A Family Tree in Every Gene A biologist argues that “races are real.” ** David Fitch, Herbert J. Gans, Mary T. Bassett, Lynn M. Morgan, Martin E. Fuller, John Waldman Letters Responding to Armand Marie Leroi Sharon Begley Three Is Not Enough “Changing our thinking about race will require a revolution in thought as profound, and profoundly unsettling, as anything science has ever demanded.” Shelby Steele Hailing While Black “The real debate over racial profiling is not about stops and searches on the New Jersey Turnpike. It is about the degree of racism in America and the distribution of power it justifies.” ** Brent Staples On Race and the Census: Struggling with Categories That No longer Apply The “one-drop rule” can’t survive in a multiracial society Countee Cullen Incident (poem) A grown man remembers only one thing from his childhood visit to Baltimore. ** 8 Immigrant Nation 000 NEW CHAPTER ** ILLUSTRATIONS Christopher J. Morris New U.S. Citizens at a Citizenship Ceremony, Pomona, California Tseng Kwong Chi Statue of Liberty, New York City ** SHORT VIEWS Ralph Waldo Emerson, Israel Zangwill, Jack Strong, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Charles Horton Cooley, Bharati Mukherjee, Pat Paulsen, Vine Deloria, anonymous Mexican American, Jimmy Carter, William Shakespeare, Hebrew Bible ** Bharati Mukherjee Two Ways to Belong in America A native of India, now a long-time resident and citizen of the United States, compares her responses with those of her sister, also a resident here but not a citizen. ** Anar Ali The Person Behind the Muslim A Muslim says she is willing to talk about terrorism but she wants to talk about it “as a citizen, not just a Muslim.” **A Casebook on Recent Immigrants ** Barry R. Chiswick The Worker Next Door An economist argues that our society does not need the cheap labor that many immigrants provide. ** Jeff Jacoby What If We Deport Them All? A conservative columnist argues that we need immigrant workers who cross our borders and therefore “we’d all be better off if we let them cross it legally.” ** Victor Davis Hanson Socrates on Illegal Immigration A senior fellow at the Hoover Institution argues that Socrates’s behavior in the “Crito”–Socrates acceptance of the court’s sentence of death–should guide our actions concerning illegal immigration: We cannot pick and choose which laws we should obey. ** Roger Cardinal Mahony Called by God to Help A cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church argues that “Denying aid to a fellow human being violates a law with a higher authority than Congress–the law of God.” A Casebook of Poems about Immigrants ** Emma Lazarus The New Colossus (poem) A poet speaks the thoughts of the Statue of Liberty: “Give me your tired, your poor, / Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” Pat Mora Immigrants (poem) The hopes of immigrant parents. ** Dudley Randall The Melting Pot (poem) An African American poet wryly observes that immigrants from Europe step into the melting pot and are transformed but the descendants of black slaves are not allowed to step into the pot. 9 Teaching and Learning ILLUSTRATIONS Winslow Homer Blackboard Ron James The Lesson–Planning a Career SHORT VieWS Francis Bacon, Paul Goodman, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Emma Goldman, Jesse Jackson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, D. H. Lawrence, Prince Kropotkin, John Ruskin, Confucius, Joseph Wood Krutch, Phyllis Bottome ** David Brooks The Gender Gap at School “Over the past two decades, there has been a steady accumulation of evidence that male and female brains work differently.” ** A Debate: Do Video Games Significantly Enhance Literacy? ** James Paul Gee Pro ** Howard Gardner Con Plato The Myth of the Cave A great teacher explains in a metaphor the progress of the mind from opinion to knowledge. Richard Rodriguez Public and Private Language By age seven, Richard Rodriguez learns “the great lesson of school,” that he had a “public identity.” Maya Angelou Graduation A dispiriting commencement address and a spontaneous reaction to it. Neil Postman Order in the Classroom “School is not a radio station or a television program.” ** Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish No More Teachers, Lots of Books Summer homework sets students back. ** Suzy Maroon, Julia Collins, and Elizabeth P. Ueland Letters responding to Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish Robert Coles On Raising Moral Children A psychiatrist discusses the ways in which adults shape children’s behavior. Fan Shen The Classroom and the Wider Culture According to Fan Shen, who migrated from China to Nebraska, “To try to be ‘myself,’ which I knew was a key to learning English composition, meant not to be my Chinese self at all.” David Gelernter Unplugged A professor of computer science offers a surprising comment: “The computer’s potential to do good is modestly greater than a book’s in some areas. Its potential to do harm is vastly greater, across the board.” Amy Tan In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons An Asian-American writer is not altogether comfortable now that her book is required reading. Wu-tsu Fa-yen Zen and the Art of Burglary (story) A teacher tells a story to teach what otherwise cannot be taught. ** A Casebook on What Colleges Should Teach Stanley Fish Why We Built the Ivory Tower “The practices of responsible citizenship and moral behavior should be encouraged in young adults–but it’s not the business of the university to do so, except when the morality in question is the morality that penalizes cheating, plagiarism and shoddy teaching.” ** Rachel Milbauer Coercive Thinking A first-year student in a composition course explains why she objects to the instructor requiring her to write about topics that she finds morally offensive. Dave Eggers Serve or Fail Colleges–except perhaps community colleges, whose students “have considerable family and work demands”– should require students to perform community service. “Perhaps every 25 hours of service could be traded for one class credit, with a maximum of three credits a year.” ** Patrick Allitt Should Undergraduates Specialize? A graduate of the British system, where undergraduates specialize, thinks about his daughter’s liberal arts education in the United States. ** Carol Geary Schneider and Ellis M. West Letters Responding to Patrick Allitt ** Caitlin Petre The Lessons I Didn’t Learn in College A college graduate finds that life’s real tests start when final exams end. ** Langston Hughes Theme for English B (poem) Responding to the white instructor’s assignment to write something that is “true,” an African American student writes, “It’s not easy to know what is true for you or me / at twenty-two, my age.” A Casebook on Testing and Grading Paul Goodman A Proposal to Abolish Grading “Grading hinders teaching and creates a bad spirit.” Diane Ravitch In Defense of Testing “Tests and standards are a necessary fact of life.” Joy Alonso Two Cheers for Examinations “After reading all of the essays I felt pretty good, I felt something of the satisfaction that I hope students felt after they finished writing their examinations.” 10 Work and Play ILLUSTRATIONS Dorothea Lange Lettuce Cutters, Salinas Valley Helen Levitt Children SHORT VIEWS Mark Twain, Duke of Wellington, Barbara Ehrenreich, Smohalla, Lost Star, John Ruskin, Vince Lombardi, George Orwell, Friedrich Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, Ken Bums, Bion Bertrand Russell Work A philosopher examines the connections between work and happiness. ** Mike Rose Brains as Well as Brawn In an essay published on Labor Day, a professor talks about “the intelligence of the laborer–the thought, the creativity, the craft it takes to do work, any work, well.” Gloria Steinem The Importance of Work Both men and women have the “‘human right” to a job. “But women have more cause to fight for it,” and have better reasons than’ “weworkbecausewehaveto.” Felice N. Schwartz The “Mommy Track” Isn’t Anti-Woman A debate on what employees can do to help parents balance careers and family responsibilities. Pat Schroeder, Lois Brenner, Hope Dellon, Anita M. Harris, and Peg McAulay Byrd Letters Responding to Felice N. Schwartz Virginia Woolf Professions for Women Women must confront two obstacles on entering new professions. Henry Louis Gates Jr. Delusions of Grandeur How many African-American athletes are at work today? Henry Louis Gates Jr. tells us that “an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery.” Marie Winn The End of Play Childhood, once a time of play, today is increasingly “purposeful, success-oriented, competitive.” What are the causes of this change? And what are the consequences of “the end of childhood”? W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen (poem) “Was he free, was he happy? The question is absurd.” ** A Casebook on Poker ** Jeremy Marks The Power of Poker A first-year student explains how poker has helped him as a student. ** Lauren Patrizi My College Addiction “The appropriate corrective for online gambling addiction is up for debate.” ** Chris Berger Gen Y: The Poker Generation An undergraduate speaks: “I plan on getting good grades and going to grad school, but for right now I’m going all in on my Jack, nine suited.” 11 Messages ILLUSTRATIONS Jill Posner, Born Kicking, Graffiti on Billboard, London Anonymous, Sapolio SHORT VIEWS Voltaire, Marianne Moore, Derek Walcott, Jane Wagner, Emily Dickinson, Howard Nemerov, Wendell Berry, Anonymous, Rosalie Maggio, Benjamin Cardozo, Gary Snyder, Alan Jacobs, Ann Beattie Abraham Lincoln Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery A two-minute speech that shows signs of enduring. Gilbert Highet The Gettysburg Address A classicist analyzes a speech that we may think we already know well. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions The women at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention adopt a new declaration, accusing men of failures and crimes parallel to those that led Jefferson in 1776 to denounce King George III. Robin Lakoff You Are What You Say A linguistic double standard turns women into “communicative cripples–damned if we do, and damned if we don’t.” Barbara Lawrence Four-letter Words Can Hurt You The best-known obscene words are sadistic and dehumanizing–and their object is almost always female. Edward T. Hall Proxemics in the Arab World Why Americans and Arabs find each other pushy, rude, or simply incomprehensible. Deborah Tannen The Workings of Conversational Style “Our talk is saying something about our relationship.” James B. Twitchell The Marlboro Man: The Perfect Campaign How a dangerous legal product was successfully marketed. ** Eric Schlosser Kid Kustomers How companies get kids to get parents to buy products ** Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning (poem) What a dead man was trying to say all his life. ** A Casebook on Virtual Worlds ** Brent Staples What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace Life lessons don’t come in a virtual form. ** Jeremy Rifkin Virtual Companionship Computers that imitate emotion only make us lonelier. ** Kay S. Hymowitz Big Mother Is Watching “Parents who use surveillance devices to monitor kids are not doing them any favors.” ** George F. Will You Bloggin’ to Me? For the self-absorbed, their Time has arrived. Bob Nixon Please Don’t E-Mail Me about This Article? E-mail is a great convenience but “I just need periods in my life when it is less relentless and less convenient.” 12 Law and Order ILLUSTRATIONS Bernie Boston, Flower Power Norman Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With SHORT VIEWS African proverb, Niccolò Machiavelli, G. C. Lichtenberg, Andrew Fletcher, Samuel Johnson, William Blake, Anatole France, Louis D. Brandeis, H. L. Mencken, Mae West Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident.” Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Resistance “Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both impractical and immoral.” Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail An imprisoned civil rights leader argues that victims of unjust laws have the right to break those laws as long as they use nonviolent tactics. Cathy Booth Thomas A New Scarlet Letter A Texas judge forces sex offenders to broadcast their crimes with house signs and bumper stickers. Derek Bok Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus A university president engages with “the problem of trying to reconcile the rights of free speech with the desire to avoid racial tension.” Chesa Boudin Making Time Count A young man whose parents have been in prison since he was an infant talks about what was done and might be done to assist such families to maintain healthy relationships. George Orwell Shooting an Elephant As a young British police officer in Burma, Orwell learns the true nature of imperialism. John (?) The Woman Taken in Adultery “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.” ** A Casebook on Torture Michael Levin The Case for Torture “I am not advocating torture as punishment. . . . I am advocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventing future evils.” ** Philip B. Heymann Torture Should Not Be Authorized “Torture is a prescription for losing a war for support of our beliefs in the hope of reducing the casualties.” ** Alan M. Dershowitz Yes, It Should Be “On the Books” A professor of law argues that under certain exceptional circumstances–when there is “a ticking bomb”–the appropriate authority should issue a warrant authorizing torture if it may save hundreds of lives. 13 Consuming Desires ILLUSTRATIONS Grant Wood American Gothic Richard Hamilton Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? SHORT VIEWS Chinese proverb, Hebrew Bible, William Blake, Marcel Duchamp, Anonymous, George Bernard Shaw, G. C. Lichtenberg, Diane White, Anonymous, Alison Lurie, Rudi Gernreich, Kenneth Clark, Le Corbusier, Ralph Waldo Emerson ** Michael Ableman Feeding Our Future “How difficult would it be to replace nachos with real corn on the cob?” ** David Gerard Hogan Fast Food Despite criticism, “fast food continues its rapid International growth.” ** Janna Malamud Smith My Son, My Compass A mother reports how unsettling it was to “take moral direction” from a son who had become a vegan. “Not only was I being called upon to loosen my protective grip on my charge, I needed to reconsider my position in the universe.” Jacob Alexander Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen? An undergraduate’s research paper provides food for thought. Donna Maurer Vegetarianism An historian offers reflections on what sorts of people are vegetarians, and why. Paul Goldberger Quick! Before It Crumbles! An architecture critic looks at cookie architecture. ** Peter Singer and Jim Mason Wal-Mart: Everyday Low Prices– At What Cost? A philospher and a farmer raise some questions. ** Sheldon Richman The Chutzpah of Wal-Mart’s Critics An indignant response to the indignant critics of Wal-Mart Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal An eighteenth-century Irish satirist tells his countrymen how they may make children “sound, useful members of the commonwealth.” James Wright Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota(poem) A poet looks around, and comes to a surprising conclusion. 14 Body and Soul ILLUSTRATIONS Henri Cartier-Bresson Place de l’Europe, 1932 Ken Gray Lifted Lotus SHORT VIEWS W. B. Yeats, Napoleon, Walt Whitman, Woody Allen, Epictetus, D. H. Lawrence, John Locke, Virginia Woolf, Emily Dickinson, Plato, Samuel Johnson, Frederick Douglass, Ray Charles, Friedrich Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde, Nigerian proverb, Jesus Anonymous Muddy Road(story) A Zen anecdote about body and mind. Henry David Thoreau Economy “The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.” Natalie Angier The Sandbox: Bully for You: Why Push Comes to Shove “It’s hard to see how bullying behavior in schools can be eliminated when bullying behavior among adults is not only common but often applauded–at least if it results in wild success.” Robert Santos My Men A veteran of the Vietnam War recalls hunger, killings, and rape: “It was so horrifying. I tried to think of what I would be like if this took place in my hometown. This may have been a turning point in my life.” Plato Crito Socrates helps Crito to see that “we ought not to render evil for evil.” ** T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock “In a minute there is time / For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.” A Writer’s Glossary Photo Acknowledgments Index Table of Contents
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