30.00$ - Pay Now
Digital File Direct & Fast Download ( Bank Exam ZIP & PDF) only for 30.00$
All chapters are included in the test Bank Exam
Free samples included once needed (ZIP & PDF)
Multiple payment options (Paypal , Credit Card) - NO account Required
Dedicated support / instant chat – Email - Whatsapp
Digital file of Little Brown Reader, The, 11th Edition for sale
***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Test Bank in e-version of the following book***
Category : Higher Education
Table of Contents
1 A Writer Reads
Previewing
Skimming
J. H. Plumb The Dying Family
Highlighting, Underlining, Annotating
Summarizing
Critical Thinking: Analyzing the Text
Tone and Persona 000
** Daniel Gilbert Does Fatherhood Make You Happy?
** ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING AND EVALUATING AN ESSAY
2 A Reader Writes
C. S. Lewis We Have No “Right to Happiness”
Responding to an Essay
The Writing Process
Keeping a journal
Questioning the Text Again
Summaries, Jottings, Outlines, and Lists
** ACHECKLIST: GETTING STARTED
Getting Ready to Write a Draft
Draft of an Essay: On “We Have No ‘Right to
Happiness’”
Revising and Editing a Draft
A Revised Draft: Persuasive Strategies in C. S. Lewis’s
“We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’”
Rethinking the Thesis: Preliminary Notes
The Final Version: Style and Argument: An Examination
of C. S. Lewis’s “We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’”
A Brief Overview of the Final Version
** ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING YOUR ANALYSIS
3 Academic Writing
Kinds of Prose
A Note on Writing a Summary
More about Critical Thinking: Analysis and Evaluation
** ACHECKLIST: CRITICAL THINKING
Joining the Conversation: Writing about
Differing Views
Writing about Essays Less Directly Related: A Student’s
Notes and Journal Entries
The Student’s Final Version: Two Ways of Thinking about
Today’s Families
Interviewing
Guidelines for Conducting the Interview and Writing
the Essay
Topics for Writing
Using Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
Acknowledging Sources
Fair Use of Common Knowledge
“But How Else Can I Put It?”
ACHECKLIST: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
ACHECKLIST: THIRTEEN QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF ABOUT
EDITING
A Student’s Documented Essay
*Jason Green Did Dorothea Lange Pose Her Subject for Migrant
Mother?
4 Writing an Argument
The Aims of an Argumentative Essay
Negotiating Agreements: The Approach of Carl R. Rogers
ACHECKLIST: ROGERIAN ARGUMENT
** SomeWays of Arguing: Appeals to Reason and Appeals to
Emotions
** Appeals to Reason: Deduction and Induction
** Appeals to Emotions
Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics
Examples
Testimony
Statistics
How Much Evidence Is Enough?
Avoiding Fallacies
Drafting an Argument
Imagining an Audience
Getting Started
Writing a Draft
Revising a Draft
Organizing an Argument
Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
Introductory Paragraphs
Concluding Paragraphs
ACHECKLIST: REVISING PARAGRAPHS
Persona and Style
An Overview: An Examination of an Argument
Richard Rhodes Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence
The Analysis Analyzed
Two Debates (Four Arguments) for Analysis
** A Debate: Should Laptops Be Banned from the
Classroom?
** Andrew Goldstein (student) Keep Online Poker out of the
Classroom: Why Professors Should Ban Laptops
** Elena Choy Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem
A Second Debate: Do Credit Companies Market Too
** Travis B. Plunkett Yes, Credit Companies Market Too Aggressively
to Youths
** Louis J. Freeh No, Credit Companies Do Not Market Too
Aggressively to Youths
ACHECKLIST: REVISING DRAFTS OF ARGUMENTS
5 Reading and Writing about Pictures
The Language of Pictures
Writing about Art 0
Writing About an Advertisement
ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS
Writing About a Political Cartoon
ACHECKLIST: ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOONS
Lou Jacobs Jr. What Qualities Does a Good Photograph
Have?
A little honest controversy about the visual success of a
print or slide can be a healthy thing.
Sample Analyses of Pictures
A Sample Essay by a Student
Zoe Morales Dancing at Durango
A Sample Essay by an Art Historian
**Thomas Hoving So, Does It Speak to You?
6 All in the Family
ILLUSTRATIONS
Joanne Leonard Sonia
Pablo Picasso The Acrobat’s Family with a Monkey
SHORT VIEWS
Anonymous (William James?), Marcel Proust, Leo Tolstoy,
Jessie Bernard, Jane Austen
Lewis Coser The Family
A sociologist defines the family and, in fewer than five
hundred words, gives an idea of its variety.
Joan Didion On Going Home
Is going home–is leaving home–possible?
** Sam Schulman Letting Go
“Yes, parents impart values. But values come from other
useful sources, too. Hovering parents undermine the
influence not only of other institutions like schools and
churches but of peers.”
** Stephanie Coontz The Heterosexual Revolution
Traditional marriage started unraveling
200 years ago.
Gabrielle Glaser Scenes from an Intermarriage
The author of a book on interfaith marriage believes that
although the future always looks bright, down the road
someone usually loses.
Anonymous Confessions of an Erstwhile Child
Should children have the legal right to escape impossible
families? A victim argues that a closely bound family
structure compounds craziness.
Arlie Hochschild The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Putting
in Another Day of Work at Home
There’s a “leisure gap” between men and women
at home.
Andrew Sullivan Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case
for Gay Marriage
“But gay marriage is not a radical step. It avoids the mess of
domestic partnership; it is humane; it is conservative in the
best sense of the word.”
** William J. Bennett Gay Marriage: Not a Very Good Idea
A conservative public servant–Bennett served under the
first President Bush–concludes that “it is exceedingly
imprudent to conduct a radical, untested and inherently
flawed social experiment on an institution that is the
keystone in the arch of civilization.”
Judy Brady I Want Wife
A wife looks at the services she performs and decides that
she’d like a wife.
Black Elk High Horse’s Courting
An Oglala Sioux holy man tells us what a hard time,
in the old days, a young man had getting the girl he
wanted.
Celia E. Rothenberg Child of Divorce
An undergraduate reflects on the impact of divorce on her,
her brother, and her parents
Jamaica Kincaid Girl (story)
“Try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent
on becoming.”
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays (poem)
“No one ever thanked him.”
7 Identities
ILLUSTRATIONS
Dorothea Lange Grandfather and Grandchildren Awaiting
Evacuation Bus, Hayward, California
Marion Post Wolcott Behind the Bar, Birney, Montana
SHORT VIEWS
Margaret Mead, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de
Beauvoir, Israel Zangwill, Vladimir I. Lenin, Joyce Carol
Oates, Martin Luther King Jr., Shirley Chisolm
Rogelio R. Gomez Foul Shots
A Mexican-American remembers the shame he felt in the
presence of Anglos.
** Marianne J. Legato The Weaker Sex
When it comes to health, men are delicate creatures.
** Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me
“At certain times I have no race, I am me.”
Stephen Jay Gould Women’s Brains
On the “‘irrelevant and highly injurious” biological labeling
of women and other disadvantaged groups.
Katha Pollitt Why Boys Don’t Play with Dolls
Social conditioning, not biology, is the answer, this author says.
Paul Theroux The Male Myth
“It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that
does not belittle women.”
Emily Tsao Thoughts of an Oriental Girl
A sophomore questions the value of describing Asian
Americans and other minorities as “people of color.”
Gloria Naylor A Question of Language
What does the word “nigger” mean?
Richard Rodriguez (with Scott London) A View from the
Melting Pot
“In the LA of the future, no one will need say, ‘Let’s
celebrate diversity.’ Diversity is going to be a fundamental
poart of our lives.”
Amy Tan Snapshot: Lost Lives of Women
The writer examines “a picture of secrets and
tragedies”
A Casebook on Races
Columbia Encyclopedia Race
An encyclopedia defines race and distinguishes it
from racism.
** Armand Marie Leroi A Family Tree in Every Gene
A biologist argues that “races are real.”
** David Fitch, Herbert J. Gans, Mary T. Bassett, Lynn M. Morgan,
Martin E. Fuller, John Waldman Letters Responding to
Armand Marie Leroi
Sharon Begley Three Is Not Enough
“Changing our thinking about race will require a revolution
in thought as profound, and profoundly unsettling, as
anything science has ever demanded.”
Shelby Steele Hailing While Black
“The real debate over racial profiling is not about stops and
searches on the New Jersey Turnpike. It is about the degree
of racism in America and the distribution of power it
justifies.”
** Brent Staples On Race and the Census: Struggling with Categories
That No longer Apply
The “one-drop rule” can’t survive in a multiracial
society
Countee Cullen Incident (poem)
A grown man remembers only one thing from his childhood
visit to Baltimore.
** 8 Immigrant Nation 000 NEW CHAPTER
** ILLUSTRATIONS
Christopher J. Morris New U.S. Citizens at a Citizenship
Ceremony, Pomona, California
Tseng Kwong Chi Statue of Liberty, New York City
** SHORT VIEWS
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Israel Zangwill, Jack Strong,
Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Charles Horton
Cooley, Bharati Mukherjee, Pat Paulsen, Vine Deloria,
anonymous Mexican American, Jimmy Carter, William
Shakespeare, Hebrew Bible
** Bharati Mukherjee Two Ways to Belong in America
A native of India, now a long-time resident and citizen of
the United States, compares her responses with those of her
sister, also a resident here but not a citizen.
** Anar Ali The Person Behind the Muslim
A Muslim says she is willing to talk about terrorism
but she wants to talk about it “as a citizen, not just a
Muslim.”
**A Casebook on Recent Immigrants
** Barry R. Chiswick The Worker Next Door
An economist argues that our society does not need the
cheap labor that many immigrants provide.
** Jeff Jacoby What If We Deport Them All?
A conservative columnist argues that we need immigrant
workers who cross our borders and therefore “we’d all be
better off if we let them cross it legally.”
** Victor Davis Hanson Socrates on Illegal Immigration
A senior fellow at the Hoover Institution argues that
Socrates’s behavior in the “Crito”–Socrates acceptance of
the court’s sentence of death–should guide our actions
concerning illegal immigration: We cannot pick and choose
which laws we should obey.
** Roger Cardinal Mahony Called by God to Help
A cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church argues that
“Denying aid to a fellow human being violates a law with a
higher authority than Congress–the law of God.”
A Casebook of Poems about Immigrants
** Emma Lazarus The New Colossus (poem)
A poet speaks the thoughts of the Statue of Liberty: “Give
me your tired, your poor, / Your huddled masses yearning
to breathe free.”
Pat Mora Immigrants (poem)
The hopes of immigrant parents.
** Dudley Randall The Melting Pot (poem)
An African American poet wryly observes that immigrants
from Europe step into the melting pot and are transformed
but the descendants of black slaves are not allowed to step
into the pot.
9 Teaching and Learning
ILLUSTRATIONS
Winslow Homer Blackboard
Ron James The Lesson–Planning a Career
SHORT VieWS
Francis Bacon, Paul Goodman, Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe, Emma Goldman, Jesse Jackson, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, D. H. Lawrence, Prince Kropotkin, John Ruskin,
Confucius, Joseph Wood Krutch, Phyllis Bottome
** David Brooks The Gender Gap at School
“Over the past two decades, there has been a steady
accumulation of evidence that male and female brains work
differently.”
** A Debate: Do Video Games Significantly Enhance
Literacy?
** James Paul Gee Pro
** Howard Gardner Con
Plato The Myth of the Cave
A great teacher explains in a metaphor the progress of the
mind from opinion to knowledge.
Richard Rodriguez Public and Private Language
By age seven, Richard Rodriguez learns “the great lesson of
school,” that he had a “public identity.”
Maya Angelou Graduation
A dispiriting commencement address and a spontaneous
reaction to it.
Neil Postman Order in the Classroom
“School is not a radio station or a television program.”
** Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish No More Teachers, Lots of
Books
Summer homework sets students back.
** Suzy Maroon, Julia Collins, and Elizabeth P. Ueland Letters
responding to Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish
Robert Coles On Raising Moral Children
A psychiatrist discusses the ways in which adults shape
children’s behavior.
Fan Shen The Classroom and the Wider Culture
According to Fan Shen, who migrated from China to
Nebraska, “To try to be ‘myself,’ which I knew was a key to
learning English composition, meant not to be my Chinese
self at all.”
David Gelernter Unplugged
A professor of computer science offers a surprising
comment: “The computer’s potential to do good is modestly
greater than a book’s in some areas. Its potential to do harm
is vastly greater, across the board.”
Amy Tan In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons
An Asian-American writer is not altogether comfortable
now that her book is required reading.
Wu-tsu Fa-yen Zen and the Art of Burglary (story)
A teacher tells a story to teach what otherwise cannot be
taught.
** A Casebook on What Colleges Should Teach
Stanley Fish Why We Built the Ivory Tower
“The practices of responsible citizenship and moral
behavior should be encouraged in young adults–but it’s
not the business of the university to do so, except when the
morality in question is the morality that penalizes cheating,
plagiarism and shoddy teaching.”
** Rachel Milbauer Coercive Thinking
A first-year student in a composition course explains why
she objects to the instructor requiring her to write about
topics that she finds morally offensive.
Dave Eggers Serve or Fail
Colleges–except perhaps community colleges, whose
students “have considerable family and work demands”–
should require students to perform community service.
“Perhaps every 25 hours of service could be traded for one
class credit, with a maximum of three credits a year.”
** Patrick Allitt Should Undergraduates Specialize?
A graduate of the British system, where undergraduates
specialize, thinks about his daughter’s liberal arts education
in the United States.
** Carol Geary Schneider and Ellis M. West Letters Responding to
Patrick Allitt
** Caitlin Petre The Lessons I Didn’t Learn in College
A college graduate finds that life’s real tests start when final
exams end.
** Langston Hughes Theme for English B (poem)
Responding to the white instructor’s assignment to write
something that is “true,” an African American student
writes, “It’s not easy to know what is true for you or me / at
twenty-two, my age.”
A Casebook on Testing and Grading
Paul Goodman A Proposal to Abolish Grading
“Grading hinders teaching and creates a bad spirit.”
Diane Ravitch In Defense of Testing
“Tests and standards are a necessary fact of life.”
Joy Alonso Two Cheers for Examinations
“After reading all of the essays I felt pretty good, I felt
something of the satisfaction that I hope students felt after
they finished writing their examinations.”
10 Work and Play
ILLUSTRATIONS
Dorothea Lange Lettuce Cutters, Salinas Valley
Helen Levitt Children
SHORT VIEWS
Mark Twain, Duke of Wellington, Barbara Ehrenreich,
Smohalla, Lost Star, John Ruskin, Vince Lombardi,
George Orwell, Friedrich Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, Ken
Bums, Bion
Bertrand Russell Work
A philosopher examines the connections between work and
happiness.
** Mike Rose Brains as Well as Brawn
In an essay published on Labor Day, a professor talks about
“the intelligence of the laborer–the thought, the creativity,
the craft it takes to do work, any work, well.”
Gloria Steinem The Importance of Work
Both men and women have the “‘human right” to a job.
“But women have more cause to fight for it,” and have
better reasons than’ “weworkbecausewehaveto.”
Felice N. Schwartz The “Mommy Track” Isn’t Anti-Woman
A debate on what employees can do to help parents balance
careers and family responsibilities.
Pat Schroeder, Lois Brenner, Hope Dellon, Anita M. Harris,
and Peg McAulay Byrd Letters Responding to Felice N.
Schwartz
Virginia Woolf Professions for Women
Women must confront two obstacles on entering new
professions.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. Delusions of Grandeur
How many African-American athletes are at work today?
Henry Louis Gates Jr. tells us that “an African-American
youngster has about as much chance of becoming a
professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery.”
Marie Winn The End of Play
Childhood, once a time of play, today is increasingly
“purposeful, success-oriented, competitive.” What are the
causes of this change? And what are the consequences of
“the end of childhood”?
W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen (poem)
“Was he free, was he happy? The question is absurd.”
** A Casebook on Poker
** Jeremy Marks The Power of Poker
A first-year student explains how poker has helped him as a
student.
** Lauren Patrizi My College Addiction
“The appropriate corrective for online gambling addiction is
up for debate.”
** Chris Berger Gen Y: The Poker Generation
An undergraduate speaks: “I plan on getting good grades
and going to grad school, but for right now I’m going all in
on my Jack, nine suited.”
11 Messages
ILLUSTRATIONS
Jill Posner, Born Kicking, Graffiti on Billboard, London
Anonymous, Sapolio
SHORT VIEWS
Voltaire, Marianne Moore, Derek Walcott, Jane Wagner,
Emily Dickinson, Howard Nemerov, Wendell Berry,
Anonymous, Rosalie Maggio, Benjamin Cardozo, Gary
Snyder, Alan Jacobs, Ann Beattie
Abraham Lincoln Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg
National Cemetery
A two-minute speech that shows signs of enduring.
Gilbert Highet The Gettysburg Address
A classicist analyzes a speech that we may think we already
know well.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments and
Resolutions
The women at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention adopt a
new declaration, accusing men of failures and crimes
parallel to those that led Jefferson in 1776 to denounce
King George III.
Robin Lakoff You Are What You Say
A linguistic double standard turns women into
“communicative cripples–damned if we do, and
damned if we don’t.”
Barbara Lawrence Four-letter Words Can Hurt You
The best-known obscene words are sadistic and
dehumanizing–and their object is almost always female.
Edward T. Hall Proxemics in the Arab World
Why Americans and Arabs find each other pushy, rude, or
simply incomprehensible.
Deborah Tannen The Workings of Conversational Style
“Our talk is saying something about our relationship.”
James B. Twitchell The Marlboro Man: The Perfect Campaign
How a dangerous legal product was successfully
marketed.
** Eric Schlosser Kid Kustomers
How companies get kids to get parents to buy products
** Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning (poem)
What a dead man was trying to say all his life.
** A Casebook on Virtual Worlds
** Brent Staples What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow
Up in Cyberspace
Life lessons don’t come in a virtual form.
** Jeremy Rifkin Virtual Companionship
Computers that imitate emotion only make us lonelier.
** Kay S. Hymowitz Big Mother Is Watching
“Parents who use surveillance devices to monitor kids are
not doing them any favors.”
** George F. Will You Bloggin’ to Me?
For the self-absorbed, their Time has arrived.
Bob Nixon Please Don’t E-Mail Me about This Article?
E-mail is a great convenience but “I just need periods in my
life when it is less relentless and less convenient.”
12 Law and Order
ILLUSTRATIONS
Bernie Boston, Flower Power
Norman Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With
SHORT VIEWS
African proverb, Niccolò Machiavelli, G. C. Lichtenberg,
Andrew Fletcher, Samuel Johnson, William Blake, Anatole
France, Louis D. Brandeis, H. L. Mencken, Mae West
Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence
“We hold these truths to be self-evident.”
Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Resistance
“Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both
impractical and immoral.”
Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail
An imprisoned civil rights leader argues that victims of
unjust laws have the right to break those laws as long as
they use nonviolent tactics.
Cathy Booth Thomas A New Scarlet Letter
A Texas judge forces sex offenders to broadcast their crimes
with house signs and bumper stickers.
Derek Bok Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus
A university president engages with “the problem of trying
to reconcile the rights of free speech with the desire to avoid
racial tension.”
Chesa Boudin Making Time Count
A young man whose parents have been in prison since he
was an infant talks about what was done and might be
done to assist such families to maintain healthy
relationships.
George Orwell Shooting an Elephant
As a young British police officer in Burma, Orwell learns the
true nature of imperialism.
John (?) The Woman Taken in Adultery
“He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a
stone at her.”
** A Casebook on Torture
Michael Levin The Case for Torture
“I am not advocating torture as punishment. . . . I am
advocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventing
future evils.”
** Philip B. Heymann Torture Should Not Be Authorized
“Torture is a prescription for losing a war for
support of our beliefs in the hope of reducing
the casualties.”
** Alan M. Dershowitz Yes, It Should Be “On the Books”
A professor of law argues that under certain
exceptional circumstances–when there is “a ticking
bomb”–the appropriate authority should issue a warrant
authorizing torture if it may save hundreds of lives.
13 Consuming Desires
ILLUSTRATIONS
Grant Wood American Gothic
Richard Hamilton Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes
So Different, So Appealing?
SHORT VIEWS
Chinese proverb, Hebrew Bible, William Blake,
Marcel Duchamp, Anonymous, George Bernard Shaw,
G. C. Lichtenberg, Diane White, Anonymous, Alison Lurie,
Rudi Gernreich, Kenneth Clark, Le Corbusier, Ralph Waldo
Emerson
** Michael Ableman Feeding Our Future
“How difficult would it be to replace nachos with real corn
on the cob?”
** David Gerard Hogan Fast Food
Despite criticism, “fast food continues its rapid
International growth.”
** Janna Malamud Smith My Son, My Compass
A mother reports how unsettling it was to “take moral
direction” from a son who had become a vegan. “Not only
was I being called upon to loosen my protective grip on my
charge, I needed to reconsider my position in the universe.”
Jacob Alexander Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen?
An undergraduate’s research paper provides food for
thought.
Donna Maurer Vegetarianism
An historian offers reflections on what sorts of people are
vegetarians, and why.
Paul Goldberger Quick! Before It Crumbles!
An architecture critic looks at cookie architecture.
** Peter Singer and Jim Mason Wal-Mart: Everyday Low Prices–
At What Cost?
A philospher and a farmer raise some questions.
** Sheldon Richman The Chutzpah of Wal-Mart’s Critics
An indignant response to the indignant critics of Wal-Mart
Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal
An eighteenth-century Irish satirist tells his countrymen
how they may make children “sound, useful members of
the commonwealth.”
James Wright Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in
Pine Island, Minnesota(poem)
A poet looks around, and comes to a surprising
conclusion.
14 Body and Soul
ILLUSTRATIONS
Henri Cartier-Bresson Place de l’Europe, 1932
Ken Gray Lifted Lotus
SHORT VIEWS
W. B. Yeats, Napoleon, Walt Whitman, Woody Allen,
Epictetus, D. H. Lawrence, John Locke, Virginia Woolf,
Emily Dickinson, Plato, Samuel Johnson, Frederick
Douglass, Ray Charles, Friedrich Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde,
Nigerian proverb, Jesus
Anonymous Muddy Road(story)
A Zen anecdote about body and mind.
Henry David Thoreau Economy
“The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.”
Natalie Angier The Sandbox: Bully for You: Why Push Comes
to Shove
“It’s hard to see how bullying behavior in schools can be
eliminated when bullying behavior among adults is not
only common but often applauded–at least if it results in
wild success.”
Robert Santos My Men
A veteran of the Vietnam War recalls hunger, killings, and
rape: “It was so horrifying. I tried to think of what I would
be like if this took place in my hometown. This may have
been a turning point in my life.”
Plato Crito
Socrates helps Crito to see that “we ought not to render evil
for evil.”
** T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
“In a minute there is time / For decisions and revisions
which a minute will reverse.”
A Writer’s Glossary
Photo Acknowledgments
Index
0 commentaires:
Enregistrer un commentaire