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Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines, 3rd Edition

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Digital file of Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines, 3rd Edition for sale

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Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines, 3rd Edition by Jody L. Fitzpatrick, University of Colorado at Denver James R. Sanders, Western Michigan University Blaine R. Worthen, Utah State University ZIP OR PDF for sale 

Table of Contents

Preface-xiii

PART ONE    •         Introduction to Evaluation-1

          1         Evaluation’s Basic Purpose, Uses, and Conceptual Distinctions-3

A Brief Definition of Evaluation-4

Informal versus Formal Evaluation-8

Distinguishing between Evaluation’s Purposes and Evaluators’ Roles and Activities-9

Some Basic Types of Evaluation-16

Evaluation’s Importance–and Its Limitations-26

          2         Origins and Current Trends in Modern Program Evaluation-30

The History and Influence of Evaluation in Society-30

Recent Trends Influencing Program Evaluation-44

PART TWO   •         Alternative Approaches to Program Evaluation-53

       3    Alternative Views of Evaluation-57

Diverse Conceptions of Program Evaluation-58

Origins of Alternative Views of Evaluation-59

Themes among the Variations-67

A Classification Schema for Evaluation Approaches-68

          4         Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-71

Developers of the Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions-72

How the Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used-80

Strengths and Limitations of the Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approach-82

       5    Management-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-88

Developers of the Management-Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions-89

How the Management-Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used-94

Strengths and Limitations of the Management-Oriented Evaluation Approach-95

       6    Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-100

Developers of the Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions-101

How the Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used-104

Strengths and Limitations of the Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach-108

       7    Expertise-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-112

Developers of the Expertise-Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions-114

How the Expertise-Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used-121

Strengths and Limitations of the Expertise-OrientedEvaluation Approach-123

       8    Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-129

Evolution of Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-130

Developers of the Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions-131

How Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approaches Have Been Used-145

Strengths and Limitations of Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approaches-146

          9         Alternative Evaluation Approaches: A Summary and Comparative Analysis-152

Cautions about the Alternative Evaluation Approaches-153

Contributions of the Alternative Evaluation Approaches-158

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Alternative Evaluation Approaches-159

Eclectic Uses of the Alternative Evaluation Approaches-163

Drawing Practical Implications from the Alternative Evaluation Approaches-165

PART THREE          •         Practical Guidelines for Planning Evaluations-169

Introduction of Case Study-170

          10       Clarifying the Evaluation Request and Responsibilities-173

Understanding the Reasons for Initiating the Evaluation-174

Conditions under which Evaluation Studies Are Inappropriate-178

Determining When an Evaluation Is Appropriate: Evaluability Assessment-182

Using an Internal or External Evaluator-185

Hiring an Evaluator-189

How Different Evaluation Approaches Clarify the Evaluation Request and Responsibilites-192

          11       Setting Boundaries and Analyzing the Evaluation Context-199

Identifying Intended Audiences for an Evaluation-200

Describing What Is to Be Evaluated: Setting the Boundaries-203

Analyzing the Resources and Capabilities That Can Be Committed to the Evaluation-212

Analyzing the Political Context for the Evaluation-216

Variations Caused by the Evaluation Approach Used-217

Determining Whether to Proceed with the Evaluation-219

          12       Identifying and Selecting the Evaluation Questions and Criteria-232

Identifying Appropriate Sources of Questions and Criteria: The Divergent Phase-234

Selecting the Questions, Criteria, and Issues to Be Addressed: The Convergent Phase-246

Remaining Flexible during the Evaluation: Allowing New Questions, Criteria, and Standards to Emerge-253

     13    Planning How to Conduct the Evaluation-260

Identifying Design and Data Collection Methods-262

Specifying How the Evaluation Will Be Conducted: The Management Plan-275

Establishing Evaluation Agreements and Contracts-285

PART FOUR  •         Practical Guidelines for Conducting and Using Evaluations-301

          14       Collecting Evaluation Information: Design, Sampling, and Cost Choices-303

Using Mixed Methods-304

Designs for Collecting Causal and Descriptive Information-307

Sampling-320

Cost Analysis-324

          15       Collecting Evaluation Information: Data Sources and Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation-334

Common Sources and Methods for Collecting Information-335

Planning and Organizing the Collection of Information-356

Analysis of Data and Interpretation of Findings-358

     16    Reporting and Using Evaluation Information-375

Purposes of Evaluation Reports-376

Important Factors in Planning Evaluation Reports-377

Key Components of a Written Report-382

Suggestions for Presenting Information in Written Reports-388

Alternative Methods for Reporting: The Adversary Approach-394

Human and Humane Considerations in Reporting Evaluation Findings-395

Suggestions for Effective Oral Reporting-398

A Checklist for Good Evaluation Reports-400

How Evaluation Information Is Used-400

          17       Dealing with Political, Ethical, and Interpersonal Aspects of Evaluation-411

Establishing and Maintaining Good Communications among Evaluators and Stakeholders-412

Understanding Potential Bias Resulting from the Evaluator’s Personal Values and Interpersonal, Financial, and Organizational Relationships with Others-415

Maintaining Ethical Standards: Considerations, Issues, and Responsibilities for Evaluators and Clients-423

Political Pressures and Problems in Evaluation-432

          18       Evaluating Evaluations-442

The Concept and Evolution of Metaevaluation-443

The Joint Committee’s Standards for Program Evaluation-444

Summary of the Program Evaluation Standards-445

AEA Guiding Principles for Evaluators-449

The Role of Metaevaluator-451

Some General Guidelines for Conducting Metaevaluations-453

A Need for More Metaevaluation-455

PART FIVE    •         Emerging and Future Settings for Program Evaluation-461

          19       Conducting Multiple-Site Evaluation Studies-463

Purposes and Characteristics of Multiple-Site Evaluations-464

Multisite Evaluation (MSE)-466

On-Site Evaluation at Multiple Sites-471

Cluster Evaluation-475

Other Approaches to Multiple-Site Evaluation-481

          20       Conducting Evaluation of Organizations’ Renewal and Training in Corporate and Nonprofit Settings-485

Evaluation in the Nonprofit Sector-486

Evaluating Corporate Training Programs-491

Personnel Evaluation-495

Other Methods of Organizational Assessment-497

          21       The Future of Evaluation-507

The Future of Evaluation-508

Predictions concerning the Profession of Evaluation-508

Predictions concerning the Practice of Evaluation-510

A Vision for Evaluation-513

Conclusion-513

Suggested Readings-514

APPENDIX-Evaluation-Related Web Sites-515

References-519

Author Index-543

Subject Index-551

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