Table of Contents
Preface xv
CHAPTER 1 Now That You’re Here 2
Self-Assessment 2
How Does College Differ from High School? 3
What Special Situations Can You Expect to Encounter Sooner or Later? 8
Real CollegeWanda 11
Add to Your Portfolio 11
CHAPTER 2 Active Learning: What’s in It for You? 13
Self-Assessment 13
What Do Active Learners Do? 14
Benefits of Active Learning 17
Four Factors That Influence Active Learning 19
Factor 1: Characteristics of the Learner 19
Factor 2: The Tasks 20
Factor 3: The Texts 21
Factor 4: The Learning Strategies 21
The Holistic Nature of Active Learning 21
Real CollegeMalcolm 22
Add to Your Portfolio 23
CHAPTER 3 How You Learn 24
Self-Assessment 24
The Role of Memory: Two Theories 25
The Parts Theory 25
The Levels of Processing Theory 27
Stretching Your Memory 28
The Role of Learning Styles 30
Using Your Senses to Learn 31
Real CollegeLeo 33
Add to Your Portfolio 33
CHAPTER 4 Professors, Task, and You 46
Self-Assessment 46
What is a Professor?
What Is a Task? 47
Part One: The Type of Activity 48
Part Two: The Level of Thinking 49
How Can You Get Information About the Task? 51
Real CollegeTina 55
Add to Your Portfolio 56
CHAPTER 5 Getting Organized: Managing Yourself and Your Time 58
Self-Assessment 58
Managing Yourself 59
Managing Your Time 61
Creating a Schedule You Can Live With 62
Timely Tips for Following Your Schedule 63
Planning for Midterms and Finals 67
Real CollegeJanice 68
Add to Your Portfolio 69
CHAPTER 6 Academic Energy: Motivation for Learning, Attitudes, and Interests 70
Self-Assessment 70
What Influences Motivation? 71
What Motivates People? 72
Getting Motivated Through Goal Setting 73
Staying Motivated 75
Changing Attitudes and Interests 77
Types of Academic Attitudes 79
Maintaining a Positive Attitude 80
The Role of Interests 82
Real CollegeMartin 83
Add to Your Portfolio 83
CHAPTER 7 Just What Do You Believe, Anyway? 85
Self-Assessment 85
Assessing Your Personal Theory 87
The Five Components of Beliefs That Influence Learning 87
Component 1: Certainty of Knowledge 88
Component 2: Simple Knowledge 89
Component 3: Responsibility for Learning 90
Component 4: Speed of Learning 90
Component 5: The Role of Ability 91
Changing Your Beliefs 92
Evaluating Internet Information 93
Real CollegePatrick and Friends 94
Add to Your Portfolio 95
CHAPTER 8 Dealing with Stress 96
Self-Assessment 96
Sources of Stress 98
Strategies for Reducing Stress 99
Academic Stress: Anxieties 100
Public Speaking Anxiety 101
Writing Anxiety 102
Mathematics Anxiety 103
General Test Anxiety 104
Three Important Tips for Reducing Academic Stress 106
Real CollegeAndrea 107
Add to Your Portfolio 108
CHAPTER 9 Strategic Reading 110
Self-Assessment 110
Gearing Up for Reading 111
Staying Active During Reading 115
Put Away Your Highlighters 115
Make a Note of It 115
What Is Annotation? 115
Why Annotate Your Text? 117
How Do You Annotate? 117
What Type of Information Should You Annotate? 119
Studying Your Annotations 120
Some Common Concerns About Annotation 121
Real CollegeHillary 122
Add to Your Portfolio 123
CHAPTER 10 Take Note! Lectures: A Different Kind of Text 124
Self-Assessment 124
The Importance and Characteristics of Good Lecture Notes 125
Taking Good Lecture Notes 129
General Note-Taking Guidelines 131
Getting Ready to Take Notes 132
Staying Active During Note Taking 132
Format and Organization 132
Active Listening 133
Being Flexible: Four Methods of Note Taking 135
Method 1: Split-Page (Cornell) Notes 135
Method 2: Parallel Notes 137
Method 3: Discussion Columns 138
Method 4: The T-Method 138
Note-Taking Myths 139
Real CollegeChad 141
Add to Your Portfolio 142
CHAPTER 11 Rehearsal and Review Strategies 143
Self-Assessment 143
Rehearsing 144
Why Is Rehearsal Important? 144
Written and Oral Rehearsal Strategies 145
Components of Good Rehearsal Strategies 145
Written Rehearsal Strategies 146
Oral Rehearsal Strategies 152
Reviewing 154
Making a Specific Study Plan 155
Forming Study Groups 157
Improving Your Memory Through Reviewing 158
Real CollegeConrad 160
Add to Your Portfolio 160
CHAPTER 12 Strategies for Social Science 162
Self-Assessment 162
Characteristics of Social Science Courses 163
Figuring Out the Task 163
Reading Social Science Textbooks 164
Gearing Up for Reading 165
What and How to Annotate During Reading 166
Taking Notes in Social Science Courses 169
Studying in Social Science Courses 171
CARDS 172
Question/Answer Strategy 172
Real College Frank 174
Add to Your Portfolio 175
CHAPTER 13 Strategies for the Humanities 176
Self-Assessment 176
Characteristics of Humanities Courses 177
Figuring Out the Task 177
Reading Humanities Textbooks 178
Gearing Up for Reading 179
What and How to Annotate During Reading 180
Taking Notes in Humanities Courses 184
Studying in Humanities Courses 188
Time Lines 188
Question/Answer Strategy 189
Compare/Contrast Charting 189
Real CollegeHarry 190
Add to Your Portfolio 191
CHAPTER 14 Strategies for Science and Mathematics 192
Self-Assessment 192
Science Courses 193
Characteristics of Science Courses 193
Figuring Out the Task 193
Reading Science Textbooks 194
Gearing Up for Reading 195
What and How to Annotate During Reading 195
Taking Notes in Science Courses 197
Strategies for Science Courses 199
Mathematics Courses 202
Mathematics Textbooks 202
Study Strategies for Mathematics Courses 202
Real CollegeStacy 204
Add to Your Portfolio 204
XC
CHAPTER 15 Using Technology To Learn
Technology in College Classes
Online Courses
Using Technology To Study
Reading On Computer
Note Taking on Computer
REAL COLLEGE Leah
Add to your portfolio
CHAPTER 16 Preparing for Objective Exams 206
Self-Assessment 206
General Test-Preparation Strategies 207
Objective Exams 209
Preparing for Objective Exams 209
Taking Objective Exams 214
Real CollegeTeddy 215
Add to Your Portfolio 216
CHAPTER 17 Preparing for and Taking Essay and Specialty Exams 217
Self-Assessment 217
Essay Exams 218
PORPE 218
Taking Essay Exams 223
Time Allotted for Writing 223
Structuring Your Essay 223
Evaluation Guidelines 225
A Word About Identification Items 225
Specialized Exams 226
Problem-Solving Exams 226
Open-Book Exams 228
Take-Home Exams 228
Real CollegeIris 229
Add to Your Portfolio 229
Appendix A: “Cognition and Intelligence” from Essentials of Psychology Third Edition 230
Appendix B: “The Nation Divides: The Vietnam War and Social Conflict, 1964—1971” from Created Equal, A Social and Political History of .the United States 251
Credits 269
Index 271
Additional Titles of Interest 281
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