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Digital file of Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 5th Edition for sale
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Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach Fifth edition TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Becoming an Effective Teacher of Reading Introduction PRINCIPLE 1: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS UNDERSTAND HOW STUDENTS LEARN Behaviorism Constructivism Sociolinguistics Information Processing Theory PRINCIPLE 2: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS SUPPORT STUDENTS’ USE OF THE CUEING SYSTEMS The Phonological System The Syntactic System The Semantic System The Pragmatic System PRINCIPLE 3: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS CREATE A COMMUNITY OF LEARNERS Characteristics of a Classroom Community How to Create a Classroom Community PRINCIPLE 4: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS ADOPT A BALANCED APPROACH TO INSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE 5: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS SCAFFOLD STUDENTS’ READING AND WRITING Modeled Reading and Writing Shared Reading and Writing Interactive Reading and Writing Guided Reading and Writing Independent Reading and Writing PRINCIPLE 6: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS ORGANIZE FOR LITERACY INSTRUCTION Basal Reading Programs Literature Focus Units Literature Circles Reading and Writing Workshop PRINCIPLE 7: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS LINK INSTRUCTION AND ASSESSMENT Purposes of Classroom Assessment Classroom Assessment Tools PRINCIPLE 8: EFFECTIVE TEACHERS BECOME PARTNERS WITH PARENTS Review: How Effective Teachers Teach Reading and Writing Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 2: Teaching the Reading and Writing Processes Vignette: Mrs. Goodman’s Seventh Graders Read The Giver Introduction THE READING PROCESS Stage 1: Prereading Activating Background Knowledge Setting Purposes Planning for Reading Stage 2: Reading Buddy Reading Guided Reading Shared Reading Reading Aloud to Students Stage 3: Responding Writing in Reading Logs Participating in Discussions Stage 4: Exploring Examining the Author’s Craft Focusing on Words and Sentences Teaching Minilessons Stage 5: Applying Reading Strategies and Skills Types of Reading Strategies and Skills THE WRITING PROCESS Stage 1: Prewriting Choosing a Topic Considering Purpose and Form Gathering and Organizing Ideas Stage 2: Drafting Stage 3: Revising Rereading the Rough Draft Sharing in Writing Groups Making Revisions Revising Centers Stage 4: Editing Proofreading Correcting Errors Stage 5: Publishing Making Books Sharing Writing Writing Strategies Qualities of Good Writing Assessing Students’ Writing READING AND WRITING ARE RECIPROCAL PROCESSES Comparing the Two Processes Classroom Connections Review Professional References Chapter 3: Assessing Students’ Literacy Development Vignette: Mrs. McNeal Conducts Second-Quarter Assessment Introduction CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT TOOLS Determining Students’ Reading Levels Monitoring Students’ Progress Diagnosing Students’ Strengths and Weaknesses Documenting Students’ Learning PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT Why Are Portfolios Worthwhile? Collecting Work in Portfolios Involving Students in Self-Assessment Showcasing Students’ Portfolios HIGH-STAKES TESTING Problems with High-Stakes Testing Preparing for Standardized Tests The Politics of High-Stakes Testing Review: How Effective Teachers Assess Students’ Literacy Development Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 4: Working with the Youngest Readers and Writers Vignette: Ms. McCloskey’s Students Become Readers and Writers Introduction FOSTERING AN INTEREST IN LITERACY Concepts about Print Assessing Students’ Concepts about Print Concepts About Words Environmental Print Literacy Play Centers Concepts about the Alphabet HOW CHILDREN DEVELOP AS READERS AND WRITERS Stage 1: Emergent Reading and Writing Stage 2: Beginning Reading and Writing Stage 3: Fluent Reading and Writing INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES Shared Reading Language Experience Approach Interactive Writing Manuscript Handwriting Writing Centers Review Professioal References Chapter 5: Cracking the Alphabetic Code Vignette: Mrs. Firpo Teaches Phonics Using a Basal Reading Program Introduction PHONEMIC AWARENESS Components of Phonemic Awareness Teaching Phonemic Awareness Assessing Children’s Phonemic Awareness Why Is Phonemic Awareness Important? PHONICS Phonics Concepts Teaching Phonics Assessing Students’ Phonics Knowledge What’s the Role of Phonics in a Balanced Literacy Program? SPELLING Stages of Spelling Development Teaching Spelling Assessing Students’ Spelling What’s the Controversy About Spelling Instruction? Review Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 6: Developing Fluent Readers and Writers Vignette: Ms. Williams’ Students Learn High-Frequency Words Introduction LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE WORDS Word Recognition Word Identification WHAT IS FLUENCY? The Components of Fluency Promoting Reading Fluency Developing Writing Fluency Assessing Students’ Fluency Review Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 7: Expanding Students’ Knowledge of Words Vignette: Mrs. Sanom’s Word Wizards Club Introduction HOW DO STUDENTS LEARN VOCABULARY WORDS? Levels of Word Knowledge Incidental Word Learning Why Is Vocabulary Knowledge Important? TEACHING STUDENTS TO UNLOCK WORD MEANINGS Word-Study Concepts Words to Study Teaching Students about Words Word-Study Activities Word-Learning Strategies Word Consciousness Assessing Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge Review: How Effective Teachers Expand Students’ Knowledge of Words Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 8: Facilitating Students’ Comprehension: Reader Factors Vignette: Mrs. Donnelly Teaches Comprehension Strategies Introduction WHAT IS COMPREHENSION? Reader and Text Factors Prerequisites to Comprehension Background Knowledge Vocabulary Fluency Comprehension Strategies Activating Background Knowledge Setting a Purpose Predicting Connecting Visualizing Questioning Determining Importance Summarizing Drawing Inferences Monitoring Repairing Evaluating Comprehension Skills TEACHING STUDENTS ABOUT READER FACTORS Explicit Comprehension Instruction Developing Comprehension Through Reading Developing Comprehension Through Writing Assessing Students’ Comprehension Motivation The Teacher’s Role Students’ Role How to Engage Students in Reading and Writing Assessing Students’ Motivation Comparing Capable and Less Capable Readers and Writers Review: How Effective Teachers Facilitate Readers’ Comprehension Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 9: Facilitating Students’ Comprehension: Text Factors Vignette: Mr. Abrams’s Fourth Graders Learn About Frogs Introduction TEXT FACTORS OF STORIES Formats of Stories Narrative Genres Elements of Story Structure Narrative Devices Looking at the Text Factors in a Story TEXT FACTORS OF INFORMATIONAL BOOKS Nonfiction Genres Expository Text Structures Nonfiction Features Looking at the Text Factors in an Informational Book TEXT FACTORS OF POETRY Formats of Poetry Books Poetic Forms Poetic Devices Looking at the Text Factors in a Book of Poetry TEACHING STUDENTS ABOUT TEXT FACTORS Minilessons Comprehension Strategies Reading and Writing Activities Assessing Students’ Knowledge About Text Factors Review: How Effective Teachers Focus on Text Factors Professional References Chapter 10: Organizing for Instruction Vignette: Fourth Graders Participate in a Yearlong Author Study Introduction TEACHING WITH BASAL READING PROGRAMS Components of Basal Reading Programs Materials Included in Basal Reading Programs Managing a Basal Reading Program TEACHING WITH LITERATURE FOCUS UNITS Steps in Developing a Unit Units Featuring a Picture Book Units Featuring a Novel Units Featuring a Genre Units Featuring an Author Managing Literature Focus Units ORCHESTRATING LITERATURE CIRCLES Key Features of Literature Circles Implementing Literature Circles Using Literature Circles With Young Children Managing Literature Circles IMPLEMENTING READING AND WRITING WORKSHOP Reading Workshop Writing Workshop Managing a Workshop Classroom Review: How Effective Teachers Organize for Instruction Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 11: Differentiating Reading and Writing Instruction Vignette: Mrs. Shasky Differentiates Instruction Introduction WAYS TO DIFFERENTIAT INSTRUCTION Grouping for Instruction Text Sets of Reading Materials Tiered Activities Differentiated Projects STRUGGLING READERS AND WRITERS Struggling Readers Struggling Writers Working with Struggling Students Review: How Effective Teachers Differentiate Literacy Instruction Professional References Children’s Book References Chapter 12: Reading and Writing in the Content Areas Vignette: Mrs. Zumwalt’s Third Graders Create Multigenre Projects Introduction CONNECTING READING AND WRITING Reading Nonfiction Books Writing as a Learning Tool Writing to Demonstrate Learning CONTENT-AREA TEXTBOOKS Features of Content-Area Textbooks Making Content-Area Textbooks More Comprehensible Learning How to Study Why Aren’t Content-Area Textbooks Enough? THEMATIC UNITS How to Develop a Thematic Unit A First-Grade Unit on Trees A Fourth-Grade Unit on Desert Ecosystems A Sixth-Grade Unit on Ancient Egypt Review: How Effective Teachers Use Reading and Writing in the Content Areas Professional References Children’s Book References Table of Contents
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