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I. MAKING CONNECTIONS 1. Participation: Personal Response and Critical Thinking The Personal Dimension of Reading Literature Personal Response and Critical Thinking Writing to Learn Your First Response Checklist: Your First Response Keeping a Journal or Reading Log Double-Entry Journals and Logs The Social Nature of Learning: Collaboration Personal, Not Private Ourselves as Readers Different Kinds of Reading PETER MEINKE, Advice to My Son Making Connections with Literature Images of Ourselves Connecting Through Experience PAUL ZIMMER, Zimmer in Grade School Connecting Through Experience Culture, Experience, and Values Connecting Through Experience ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays Connecting Through Experience MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll Being in the Moment NEW YORK TIMES, “Birmingham Bomb Kills 4” DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham Participating, Not Solving Using Our Imaginations The Whole and Its Parts 2. Communication: Writing a Response Essay The Response Essay Checklist: The Basics of a Response Essay Voice and Writing Voice and Response to Literature Connecting Through Experience COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident Writing to Describe Choosing Details Choosing Details from Literature Connecting Through Experience SANDRA CISNEROS, Eleven Writing to Compare Comparing and Contrasting Using a Venn Diagram Connecting Through Experience ANNA QUINDLEN, Mothers Connecting Through Experience LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation Possible Worlds From First Response to Final Draft The Importance of Revision Using Your First Response Using First or Third Person in Formal Essays II. ANALYSIS, ARGUMENTATION, AND RESEARCH 3. Exploration and Analysis: Genre and the Elements of Literature Close Reading Annotating the Text First Annotation: Exploration PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias Second Annotation: Analysis Literature in Its Many Contexts Your Critical Approach Reading and Analyzing Fiction Summary Checklist: Analyzing Fiction Narration Point of View Setting Conflict Plot Character Language and Style Diction Symbol Irony Theme Getting Ideas for Writing About Fiction KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour Reading and Analyzing Poetry Summary Checklist: Analyzing Poetry Language and Style Denotation and Connotation Voice Tone Irony STEPHEN CRANE, War Is Kind Imagery HELEN CHASIN, The Word Plum ROBERT BROWNING, Meeting at Night Parting at Morning Figurative Language: Everyday Poetry LANGSTON HUGHES, A Dream Deferred N. SCOTT MOMADAY, Simile CARL SANDBURG, Fog JAMES STEPHENS, The Wind Symbol ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken Sound and Structure Rhyme, Alliteration, and Assonance Finding the Beat: Limericks Meter Formal Verse: The Sonnet WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Sonnet No. 29 Blank Verse Free or Open Form Verse WALT WHITMAN, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer Interpretation: What Does the Poem Mean? Explication Types of Poetry Lyric Poetry Narrative Poetry Getting Ideas for Writing About Poetry MAY SWENSON, Pigeon Woman Reading and Analyzing Drama Summary Checklist: Analyzing Drama Reading a Play Point of View Set and Setting Conflict Plot The Poetics Tragedy Comedy Characterization Language and Style Diction Symbol Irony Theme Periods of Drama: A Brief Background Greek Drama Shakespearean Drama Modern Drama Getting Ideas for Writing About Drama Tips on Reading Antigonê SOPHOCLES, Antigonê Reading and Analyzing Essays Summary Checklist: Analyzing Essays Types of Essays Narrative Expository Argumentative Language, Style, and Structure Formal or Informal Voice Word Choice and Style Theme or Thesis: What’s the Point? The Aims of an Essay: Inform, Preach, or Reveal Getting Ideas for Writing About the Essay AMY TAN, Mother Tongue 4. Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay The Critical Essay Interpretation and Evaluation Interpretation: What Does it Mean? Evaluation: How Well Does it Work? Options for a Critical Essay: Process and Product Checklist: Options for a Critical Essay An Analytical Essay A Comparative Essay A Thematic Essay A Philosophical or Ethical Evaluation A Contextual Essay Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay The Shape of an Argument Planning Your Argument Supporting Your Argument: Induction and Substantiation Opening, Closing, and Revising Your Argument The Development of a Critical Essay 5. Research: Writing with Secondary Sources The Research Essay Creating, Expanding, and Joining Interpretive Communities It Is Your Interpretation Getting Started Choosing a Topic Some Popular Areas of Literary Research Your Search Peer Support The Library Reference Works Finding Sources on the Internet Evaluating Internet Sources Checklist: Evaluating Internet Sources Integrating Sources into Your Writing What Must Be Documented Where and How Paraphrasing and Summarizing Quoting Avoiding Plagiarism From First Response to Research Essay Checklist: Writing a Research Essay CASE STUDY IN RESEARCH Step 1: Using Your First Response JAMES JOYCE, Eveline Step 2: Composing a Draft Prof. Devenish’s Commentary Step 3: Revising the Essay Step 4: Kevin’s Revised Essay III. A THEMATIC ANTHOLOGY FAMILY AND FRIENDS A Dialogue Across History Family and Friends: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs Reading and Writing About Family and Friends Fiction Connecting through Comparison: Sibling Relationships*** JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible CHINUA ACHEBE, Marriage Is a Private Affair JOHN CHEEVER, Reunion LINDA CHING SLEDGE, The Road Connecting through Comparison: Parents and Children*** AMY TAN, Two Kinds JULIA ALVAREZ, Dusting JANICE MIRIKITANI, For My Father THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz CATHY SONG, The Youngest Daughter MARGARET ATWOOD, Siren Song JOHN CIARDI, Faces*** ROBERT FROST, Mending Wall SEAMUS HEANEY, Digging PHILIP LARKIN, This Be the Verse LI-YOUNG LEE, The Gift SHARON OLDS, 35/10 WILLIAM STAFFORD, Friends *** STEVIE SMITH, Not Waving But Drowning Connecting Through Comparison: Remembrance ELIZABETH GAFFNEY, Losses That Turn Up in Dreams WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought (Sonnet No. 30) Drama TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, The Glass Menagerie Essays BELL HOOKS, Inspired Eccentricity CHRISTINE O’HAGAN, Friendship’s Gift*** CASE STUDY IN BIOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT Thinking About Interpretation and Biography Lorraine Hansberry and A Raisin in the Sun LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry–In Her Own Words In Others’ Words JAMES BALDWIN, Sweet Lorraine JULIUS LESTER, The Heroic Dimension in A Raisin in the Sun ANNE CHENEY, The African Heritage in A Raisin in the Sun STEVEN R. CARTER, Hansberry’s Artistic Misstep MARGARET B. WILKERSON, Hansberry’s Awareness of Culture and Gender MICHAEL ANDERSON, A Raisin in the Sun: A Landmark Lesson in Being Black A Student’s Research Essay Exploring the Literature of FAMILY AND FRIENDS: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research INNOCENCE AND EXPERIENCE A Dialogue Across History Innocence and Experiences: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs Reading and Writing About Innocence and Experience Fiction Connecting through Comparison: Illusion and Disillusion LILIANA HEKER, The Stolen Party JAMES JOYCE, Araby JULIA ALVAREZ, Snow TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson THOMAS BULFINCH, The Myth of Daedalus and Icarus RALPH ELLISON, Battle Royal HARUKI MURAKAMI, On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning*** JOYCE CAROL OATES, WHERE ARE YOU GOING, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN? FRANK O’CONNOR, Guests of the Nation TWO READERS/TWO DIFFERENT VIEWS: JOHN UPDIKE, A&P Two Sample Student Essays Poetry Connecting Through Comparison: Images of Innocence and Experience WILLIAM BLAKE, London WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge,September 3, 1802 Connecting Through Comparison: The Chimney Sweeper WILLIAM BLAKE, The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Innocence), The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Experience) A. E. HOUSMAN, When I Was One-and-Twenty ALBERTO RIOS, In Second Grade Miss Lee I Promised Never to Forget You and I Never Did*** EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Richard Cory ANNE SEXTON, Pain for a Daughter WALT WHITMAN, There was a Child Went Forth STEPHEN CRANE, The Wayfarer Connecting through Comparison: Young Death*** ROBERT FROST, “Out, Out ...” SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid-Term Break Essays DAN BARRY, Hurricane Katrina: The Corpse on Union Street JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened DAVID SEDARIS, The Learning Curve CASE STUDY IN THEATRICAL CONTEXT Interpretation and Performance Multiple Interpretations of Hamlet WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Desperately Seeking Hamlet: Four Interpretations Olivier’s Hamlet Jacobi’s Hamlet Gibson’s Hamlet Branagh’s Hamlet From Part to Whole, From Whole to Part A Student’s Critical Essay–An Explication and Analysis of the “To Be, or Not To Be” Soliloquy HAMLET ON SCREEN A Critic’s Influential Interpretation Ernest Jones, Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex Hamlet On Screen Bernice Kliman, The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television Stanley Kauffmann, At Elsinore: Branagh’s Hamlet Russell Jackson, A Film Diary of the Shooting of Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet Exploring the Literature of INNOCENCE AND EXPERIENCE: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research CASE STUDY IN AESTHETIC CONTEXT PIETER BRUEGHEL, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus / W. H. AUDEN, Musée des Beaux Arts and ALAN DEVENISH, Icarus Again JACOPO TINTORETTO, Crucifixion / N. SCOTT MOMADAY, Before an Old Painting of the Crucifixion EDWARD HOPPER, Nighthawks / SAMUEL YELLEN, Nighthawks VINCENT VAN GOGH, Starry Night / ANNE SEXTON, The Starry Night HENRI MATISSE, Dance / NATALIE SAFIR, Matisse’s Dance UTAMARO, Two Women Dressing their Hair/ CATHY SONG, Beauty and Sadness*** EDWIN ROMANZO ELMER, The Mourning Picture / ADRIENNE RICH, Mourning Picture JAN VERMEER, The Loveletter / SANDRA NELSON, When a Woman Holds a Letter A Student’s Comparison and Contrast Essay: Process and Product Exploring POETRY AND PAINTING: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research WOMEN AND MEN A Dialogue Across History Women and Men: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs Reading and Writing About Women and Men Fiction ROBERT OLSEN BUTLER, Jealous Husband Returns as a Parrot*** CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants D. H. LAWRENCE, The Horse Dealer’s Daughter BOBBIE ANN MASON, Shiloh ROSARIO MORALES, The Day It Happened GLORIA NAYLOR, The Two*** Poetry Connecting Through Comparison: Be My Love CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress MAYA ANGELOU, Phenomenal Woman MARGARET ATWOOD, You Fit into Me ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How Do I Love Thee? ROBERT BROWNING, Porphyria’s Lover NIKKI GIOVANNI, Woman JUDY GRAHN, Ella, in a Square Apron, Along Highway 80 DONALD HALL, The Wedding Couple*** ESSEX HEMPHILL, Commitments MICHEAL LASSELL, How to Watch Your Brother Die EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why; Love Is Not All SHARON OLDS, Sex Without Love OCTAVIO PAZ, Two Bodies*** SYLVIA PLATH, Mirror Connecting Through Comparison: Shall I Compare Thee? WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? (Sonnet No. 18) HOWARD MOSS, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun (Sonnet No. 130) Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Cinderella JACOB LUDWIG CARL GRIMM AND WILHELM CARL GRIMM, Cinderella ANNE SEXTON, Cinderella BRUNO BETTELHEIM, Cinderella Drama ANTON CHEKHOV, The Proposal Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Drama and Fiction SUSAN GLASPELL, The Play: Trifles SUSAN GLASPELL, The Short Story: A Jury of Her Peers Essays STEVEN DOLOFF, The Opposite Sex*** VIRGINIA WOOLF, If Shakespeare Had a Sister CASE STUDY IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT Women in Culture and History HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll’s House The Adams Letters A Husband’s Letter to His Wife SOJOURNER TRUTH, “Ain’t I a Woman” HENRIK IBSEN, Notes for the Modern Tragedy; The Changed Ending of A Doll’s House for a German Production; Speech at the Banquet of the Norwegian League for Women’s Rights ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, Excerpt from The Solitude of Self WILBUR FISK TILLETT, Excerpt from Southern Womanhood DOROTHY DIX, The American Wife; Women and Suicide CHARLOTTE PERKINS STETSON (GILMAN), Excerpt from Women and Economics NATALIE ZEMON DAVIS AND JILL KER CONWAY, The Rest of the Story A Student’s Response Essay Exploring the Literature of WOMEN AND MEN: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research CULTURE AND IDENTITY A Dialogue Across History Culture and Identity: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs Reading and Writing About Culture and Identity Fiction JOSE ARMAS, El Tonto del Barrio*** KATE CHOPIN, Désirée’s Baby WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl THOMAS KING, Borders GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World*** TAHIRA NAQVI, Brave We Are ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use Poetry Connecting Through Comparison: The Mask We Wear W. H. AUDEN, The Unknown Citizen PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask T. S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock SHERMAN ALEXIE, Evolution*** GLORIA ANZALDÚA, To Live in the Borderlands Means You ELIZABETH BISHOP, In the Waiting Room GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool E.E. CUMMINGS, anyone lived in a pretty how town MARTIN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Fria*** Connecting Through Comparison: Immigration*** EMILY LAZARUS, The New Colossus*** SHIRLEY GEOCK-LIN LIM, Learning to Love America*** PAT MORA, Immigrants JOHN UPDIKE, Ex-Basketball Player WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, At the Ball Game WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Lake Isle of Innisfree Connecting Through Comparison: What Is Poetry? ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica LAWRENCE FERLINGHETTI, Constantly Risking Absurdity BILLY COLLINS, Introduction to Poetry Drama SOPHOCLES, Oedipus Rex LUIS VALDEZ, Los Vendidos Essays CHARLES FRUEHLING SPRINGWOOD AND C. RICHARD KING, “Playing Indian”: Why Native American Mascots Must End JOAN DIDION, Why I Write FREDERICK DOUGLASS, Learning to Read and Write MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., I Have a Dream RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, Workers JONATHAN SWIFT, A Modest Proposal HENRY DAVID THOREAU, From Civil Disobedience CASE STUDY IN CULTURAL CONTEXT Writers of the Harlem Renaissance ALAIN LOCKE, The New Negro LANGSTON HUGHES, From The Big Sea The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain The Negro Speaks of Rivers I, Too The Weary Blues One Friday Morning Theme for English B CLAUDE MCKAY, America GWENDOLYN B. BENNETT, Heritage JEAN TOOMER, Reapers COUNTEE CULLEN, Yet Do I Marvel From the Dark Tower ANNE SPENCER, Lady, Lady GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON, I Want to Die While You Love Me ZORA NEALE HURSTON, Sweat Commentary on The Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes Jessie Fauset Onwuchekwa Jemie R. Baxter Miller ALICE WALKER, Zora Neale Hurston: A Cautionary Tale and a Partisan View A Student’s Critical Essay Exploring the Literature of CULTURE AND IDENTITY: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research FAITH AND DOUBT A Dialogue Across History Faith and Doubt: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs Reading and Writing About Faith and Doubt Fiction RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown TIM O’BRIEN, The Things They Carried FLANNERY O’CONNOR, A Good Man Is Hard To Find JOHN STEINBECK, The Chrysanthemums Poetry Connecting Through Comparison: Facing Our Own Mortality JOHN DONNE, Death, Be Not Proud JOHN KEATS, When I Have Fears That I May Cease To Be MARY OLIVER, When Death Comes*** Connecting Through Comparison: Nature and Humanity MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach ROBERT BRIDGES, London Snow ROBERT FROST, Fire and Ice GALWAY KINNELL, Saint Francis and the Sow WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling Through the Dark WALT WHITMAN, Song of Myself 6 Connecting Through Comparison: September 11, 2001 DEBORAH GARRISON, I Saw You Walking BRIAN DOYLE, Leap BILLY COLLINS, The Names Connecting Through Comparison: Belief in a Supreme Being STEPHEN CRANE, A Man Said to the Universe, THOMAS HARDY, HAP Connecting Through Comparison: The Impact of War THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est CARL SANDBURG, Grass YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It Connecting Through Comparison: Responding to the Deaths of Others MARK DOTY, Brilliance A. E. HOUSMAN, To an Athlete Dying Young PABLO NERUDA, The Dead Woman*** DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Drama JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE, Riders to the Sea DAVID MAMET, Oleanna Essays ALBERT CAMUS, The Myth of Sisyphus PLATO, The Allegory of the Cave PHILIP SIMMONS, Learning to Fall CASE STUDY IN CONTEXTUAL CONTEXT Poetry and Criticism: Emily Dickinson Her Life Her Work The Poems Success Is Counted Sweetest Faith is a fine invention There’s a Certain Slant of Light I like a look of agony Wild Nights–Wild Nights! The Brain–is wider than the Sky Much Madness Is Divinest Sense I’ve seen a dying eye I Heard a Fly Buzz–When I Died– After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes Some keep the Sabbath going to Church This world is not conclusion There is a pain–so utter– Because I could not stop for death The Bustle in a House Tell All the Truth But Tell It Slant Making Connections Emily Dickinson–In Her Own Words A Letter to Susan Gilbert Dickinson–her sister-in-law. (1852) A Letter to Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1862) In Others’ Words Thomas Wentworth Higginson, letter (1870) Mary Loomis Todd, letter (1881) Richard Wilbur, On Her Sense of Privation (1960) Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, On Her White Dress (1979) Critical Commentary on Her Poetry Helen McNeil, Dickinson’s Method Cynthia Griffin Woolf, The Voices in Dickinson’s Poetry Allan Tate, On Because I Could Not Stop for Death Paula Bennett, On I Heard a Fly Buzz–When I Died Poems about Emily Dickinson Linda Pastan, Emily Dickinson Billy Collins, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes A Student’s Critical Essay Exploring the Literature of FAITH AND DOUBT: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research Appendix A: Critical Approaches to Literature Appendix B: Writing About Film Appendix C: Documentation Table of Contents
